I was about six years old when I first realised Mum and Dad were Essay

I was about six years old when I first realised Mum and Dad were fighting, Mullender et al (2002) What does current research and practice say about the effects - Essay Example The infant and young children grow at the laps of the foster mothers the so-called nannies experience the world in a different revelation. It is like feeding the baby with container milk instead of mother's breast, whatever is the reason. Studies showed that the role of the parents is more significant than first thought as we moved into the concept of primary caregiver. In a study published in Child Development May/June 2003, Volume 74, Number 3, Pages 801-821, Bruce J. Ellis, et al, found that presence of the natural father was the most significant factor in reducing rates of early sexual activity and rates of teenage pregnancy in girls. Covariate factors used included early conduct problems, maternal age at first childbirth, race, maternal education, father's occupational status, family living standards, family life stress, early mother-child interaction, measures of psychosocial adjustment and educational achievement, school qualifications, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, suicide attempts, violent offending, and conduct disorder. Therefore, we must agree that love massively matters in the formative growth of a normal child. If we cannot bestow this incredible value on them, they are bound to lead an abnormal life. In case of unexpected circumstances, there lies the role of social workers and state legislations to ensure a life worth to live. Why Love Matters of Sue Gerhardt stirs our emotional moral responsibilities for those who are involved in the care of children, from expecting mothers through to policy makers. Distilling the current science into easy-to-understand prose, Sue Gerhardt has provided a founding text for the future health of modern society. It explains that love is essential to brain development in the early years of life, particularly to the development of our social and emotional brain systems, and presents the startling discoveries that provide the answers to how our emotional lives work. The earliest relationship shapes the baby's nervo us system, with lasting consequences and our adult life has earlier influence since infancy stage. The development of the brain can affect future emotional well being, and goes on to look at specific early 'pathways' that can affect the way we respond to stress and lead to conditions such as anorexia, addiction, and anti-social behavior. Mother's love is therefore mysteriously magical while father's love involves the nurturing passion for the baby along with the other family members and happy surroundings. While focusing all the goodness of relationship we nevertheless come across domestic violence in a male dominance society. Domestic violence, men's abusive power and control over women in intimate relationships, is a widespread but still largely hidden problem. Rethinking Domestic Violence explodes the myths concerning its nature, causes, and explores how the responses of social workers and probation officers to the women, children and men involved need to be far better co-coordinated and more effective. Women experiencing violence and abuse actually are in need of social work setting but, to date, their needs have largely been ignored. Their unhappy relationship quite often breed ancillary problems bring devastation to ruin all sorts of peace. This book looks at men's violence

Joseph the Favorite Son Essay Example for Free

Joseph the Favorite Son Essay Abstract The story of Joseph is one of the classic stories which portrayed sibling rivalry that was fueled by envy. Joseph’s story can be found in the book of Genesis, the same biblical book where the story of â€Å"Cain and Abel† can be found; another story that portrayed sibling rivalry. At the beginning of the story, it was pretty obvious that Joseph was loved by his father, Jacob, so much that he was given high regard over his other brothers upon which ten were older than him. When they finally reached the boiling point, they originally plotted to kill Joseph but later decided to just sell him to a passing Ishmaelite merchant. He was sold to the Pharaoh of Egypt who decided to make him the Pharaoh’s personal servant. This is where he was able to practice and utilize his gift from God, which was interpreting dreams. Joseph, the Favorite Son Joseph was the eleventh of twelfth sons of Jacob, who was regarded in the bible as Israel while his sons were the twelve tribes of Israel. One day, Joseph had a dream about eleven stars, the sun, and the moon bowing before him (Genesis 37:9 Revised Standard Version). This is when his father, Jacob, realized that Joseph was blessed by God. Ever since learning about that fact, he became overprotective of Joseph, as he knew that his other sons will try to harm him if Joseph told them his dreams and its interpretations. Joseph became his favorite son, and because of this, his other sons grew jealous of Joseph. They started to despise him, and plotted to kill him—except for the eldest among the brothers, Reuben. Jealousy and envy has caused previous sibling rivalry stories in the book of genesis—an example would be the story of â€Å"Cain and Abel†. However, one cannot blame the antagonists for being jealous for there is always a favor or favoritism factor in some of these stories; including the story of Joseph the dreamer. It is safe to assume that out of favoritism comes jealousy, and then from jealousy comes rivalry. The Genesis Touch A lot of themes from the book of Genesis tend to repeat themselves in the book’s thematic divisions—Creation and post-creation (Adam and Eve, with addition of Cain and Abel), Patriarch Saga (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob), and The Story of Joseph the dreamer. There is bound to be theme similarities between stories that belong to each thematic division. In the story of Joseph, the themes that can be identified are: (1) Faith (exists in Abraham), (2) Sibling Rivalry (exists in Cain and Abel), (3) Covenant (exists in all stories of the Genesis), (4) Fall and Restoration (exists in Adam and Eve), and (5) Destiny (exists in Abraham). Faith is one of the most recurring themes in the Old Testament as well as in some parts of the New Testament. It starts from the creation story wherein God entrusted Eden to Adam and Eve. Faith was also present at the story of Abraham, whom he acted on a leap-of-faith, dedicated himself to sacrifice his son, Isaac, for God; although, it did not push through. Like in the two stories, Faith is also present here in the story of Joseph. However, Faith here may have been slightly different as it was faithfulness of Joseph towards Israel—Jacob. He was a tattle tale: â€Å"and Joseph brought an ill report of them to their father† (Genesis 37:2). Indeed through Joseph’s faithfulness, it earned him the title of â€Å"Jacob’s favorite son†. However, this did not bode well with his brothers, as it intensified their jealousy and hatred towards him. Sibling Rivalry was always bound to happen. The theme of Sibling Rivalry has existed since the story of â€Å"Cain and Abel†. It proliferated to other succeeding stories, including the story of Joseph. One problem of Joseph that prompted his brothers to despise him was his arrogance. Other than him being the favorite son of Jacob, he did show arrogance in some parts of the story while sharing his dreams to his brothers: â€Å"He said to them, ‘Hear this dream which I have dreamed: behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and lo, my sheaf arose and stood upright; and behold, your sheaves gathered round it, and bowed down to my sheaf† (Genesis: 36:6-7). Who would not be mad after hearing that? This prompted them to hate him even more with his dreams and how he interprets the dreams. However, Joseph’s gift of interpreting dreams was considered as a blessing from God. Through this, a covenant between God and Joseph was created. The Covenant theme has always recurred throughout the bible. After all, it is a holy agreement between God and an individual—usually men in the Old Testament. Like in all stories before Joseph’s, a covenant was likely to be formed through the blessings that the individual will receive. It may have been like a past version of â€Å"the terms of agreement†. Joseph’s gift frightened and angered his brothers, as they sold him to an Ishmaelite merchant instead of killing him—as Reuben suggested. The Ishmaelite then sold Joseph to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, who made him his personal servant. Joseph was not fully aware that he and God had a covenant ever since he received the gift of interpreting dreams. Even so, he was continuously blessed by God as he prospered and became successful. Then Potiphar’s wife kept tempting him—familiar with the creation story—to lie with her in bed; have sex with her. However, he always refused. This prompted her to accuse him of trying to sleep with her and was thrown into prison. Then he was continuously blessed by God while he was imprisoned: â€Å"But the Lord was with Joseph and showed him steadfast love, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison† (Genesis 39:21). These favors made Joseph realize the covenant that bounded him with God. The fall and restoration of Joseph may have occurred during his days in Egypt. The theme of fall and restoration is a theme that greatly comprises the tragedy that occurs to a person and a periodic rise right after. For example, the fall and restoration that occurred in the story of Adam and Even was the temptation up to the point wherein God banished them. Although not much restoration happened, God decided to just banish them out of Eden and start their own life, instead of decimating them. In the story of Joseph, the fall and restoration occurred in two phases: (1) When he was thrown at the pit and sold which later on prospered in Egypt, and (2) The accusation of Potiphar’s wife and his interpretation of the Pharaoh’s dream which earned him an important government position. Upon the realization of the covenant, the second phase took place. The full restoration took place while he became the overseer that handles food distribution and storage. As his brothers went to Egypt to buy grain during the seven years of famine, he saw them and commanded them to return and fetch Benjamin, the brother closest to Joseph, with them on their way back to Egypt. After which, Benjamin was able to identify him and soon their family was reunited. This was the full restoration that occurred after the start of the first phase and the end of the second phase. It may have been destiny that brought them together once again. Destiny is a strong word that has always been present in the Bible. It was God’s will towards a person, especially those whom He has chosen to lead; for example, like Abraham. Combining the other four themes would generate the destiny that God assigned to Joseph ever since blessing him with the gift of dream interpretation. His destiny may have been played out in this fashion: He was given the gift of dream interpretation—the father admires his faithfulness to him and discovers his skill, warning him not to tell his brothers about it—Joseph told his brothers about a dream that intensified their jealousy and hatred towards him—most of them plotted to destroy him, sold him instead to a merchant—he became Potiphar’s servant, who later became his prisoner after being framed—butler and baker made him interpret their dreams, wherein the butler promised that he will be remembered—Pharaoh had a nightmare that he wanted to interpret, so he sent for Joseph and had it interpreted (after the butler recommended him to the Pharaoh)—Joseph interpreted it accurately and was assigned as the overseer of food distribution and storage—With this position, it gave him an opportunity to reunite with his family after disappearing for so long—then the Hebrews were offered a land in Egypt wherein they moved there from Canaan, delivering them from famine (Genesis 37-47). In this process, the four Genesis themes of Joseph’s story were combined to form and somewhat correlate with the last theme which was Destiny. It was by God’s will that his destiny was formed right from the start. Joseph the son, dreamer, servant, prisoner, interpreter, and official Joseph was the eleventh son of Jacob, and he was the most favored among all of his brothers. It was mentioned that he was at age seventeen when he started experiencing these dreams that were believed to be visions of the future. For his father, this was a blessing by God which earned him more favor over his brothers. Other than that, Joseph was loyal to Jacob who was Israel—as the story would mention. His loyalty earned him a rightful place and won his father’s favor. He was equally loyal to God as the blessed gift of dream interpretation tied them together. However, he had a minor flaw when he was at age seventeen. He was a bit arrogant, although he was unaware of it. It may have been possible that he was sharing his dream (Genesis: 36:6-7) to his brothers which he should not have, in the process disobeying their father as he was warned not to tell them any of his dreams nor his special talent. For his brothers, they found the context of the dream as an act of arrogance since it interpreted that they should bow to him. This further fueled their hatred towards Joseph. As he was the eleventh son, it was disrespectful to mention such a thing towards the older brothers. His father loved and favored him but his brothers despised him, that they plotted to kill him but with Reuben’s intervention, he was sold to an Ishmaelite trader instead. When Joseph became the servant of Potiphar, he expressed the same kind of loyalty that he had towards his father; although, it may have also been because of the fact that he was loyal to God as well. Being God-blessed and loyal earned him Potiphar’s favor and made him the overseer of the house who was in-charge of all over that Potiphar had (Genesis 39:4). With all of these blessing come an unfortunate circumstance: Potiphar’s seduction or temptation of Joseph. It was a test that Joseph successfully passed. However, he was framed by the wife and was put in prison. Another twist occurred when God blessed him while he was imprisoned (Genesis 39:21). His prison sentence led him to another circumstance upon which was favorable to him. The chief butler and chief baker of the Pharaoh were thrown in prison as well after disappointing the Pharaoh. This was where he was given the opportunity to interpret the dreams of others, when both the butler and the baker had dreams—which were probably visions of the future. Both ended up looking troubled the next day, hence prompting Joseph to help: â€Å"So he asked Pharaoh’s officers who were with him in custody in his master’s house, ‘Why are your faces downcast today? ’ (Genesis 40:7). In the ancient world, dreams usually need interpretation as they would convey messages that may hold great importance to the person’s life. The two had Joseph interpret their dreams, both of which came true. As the Pharaoh experienced a vision of his own in his dream, he asked his magicians and top officials to interpret it for him. None of them could not interpret the dream accurately until the butler remembered Joseph and recommended him. Joseph was then called by the Pharaoh whom accurately interpreted the dreams. Impressed by the accuracy of Joseph’s interpretation, he assigned him as the overseer of the country—that handled resource distribution, especially food since it will be affected by the famine. Joseph, as usual, showed loyalty to his master and managed the resource distribution accordingly. Reading the story, Joseph had his ups and downs throughout this phase of his life. Joseph’s character developed, evolving and adapting, through these ups and downs until he was able to rise up. Joseph started out as a boy but ended up being a man upon which a country depended on. Adding to his personal traits, it could be said that he was forgiving as he did not exact revenge upon the brothers who mistreated him. Blessings and Misfortunes It could be said that a lot of blessings and unfortunate things can happen to one person. Joseph experienced his share of blessings and misfortunes throughout the story; apparently there were more blessings for God was always with him. The first one among the series of blessings and misfortunes would be a blessing wherein he was blessed with the gift of dream interpretation. It was also evidence of God’s presence in him or with him. This blessing would be immensely important for him, his family, and Egypt later on. For now, it led to his second fortune which was earning his father’s favor and guaranteed his safety through the protection of his father. He became Jacob’s favorite because of his loyalty and blessed skill. However, this led to the first unfortunate event that sent him on a rollercoaster ride. His brothers despised him greatly and plotted to kill him; although ended up selling him instead. He was brought away to a far land, away from his family. Then as God continued to bless him, he experienced his third blessing which was being the Potiphar’s overseer of the house. His loyalty was noticed by Potiphar who gave him the position. All Joseph wanted in exchange for his service was food. Unfortunately, things did not last as he was framed by Potiphar’s wife—because he refused to sleep with her. He was thrown into prison, which was the second misfortune he experienced. However, since God remained with him, he was blessed yet again, giving him favor from the prison keeper who attended to his care and all of the prisoners’. Then an opportunity to exercise his blessed skill arrived when two of the Pharaoh’s officials were thrown in the same prison. Lucky smiled upon him once again, giving him an opportunity to get out of prison. The rest of the events that followed were all blessings that were guised under different forms and circumstances. This proves that his relationship with God is an impregnable bond. After all, he was in covenant with God. Joseph’s Covenant with God Joseph’s skills was put in good use, in favor of God’s plan for him and his people—his family and other Hebrews. As Joseph remained faithful and loving to God, God remained upon Joseph’s side, blessed him whichever place he ends up in and protected him from evil—temptation and harm throughout the story. It was as though they were bounded as one. However, he was also considered as a tool to deliver God’s plan to the Hebrews—who descended from Abraham and Isaac. This was probably an equivalent exchange for the blessings God has given Joseph. It was like his relationship with his father Jacob, although much stronger. A Unified Mood, Character, and theme The story encompasses a fluctuating mood that shifts from happiness to tragedy and back. It seems that the mood is dictated by the flow of events throughout the story, the themes that it entails, and the development of the characters—even the minor ones experience development. Each factor correlates with each other, as if dictating each other within certain situations. An instance wherein the three were unified was the time when Joseph shared his dreams (Genesis 37:6-11) with his brothers, as well as his father. The way he delivered the dream and the dream’s outcome itself infuriated the brothers, who were already envious of him being their father’s favorite. This signified that they had enough of Joseph who seemed to have bossed them around. His brothers developed a more raging spite towards Joseph which later on was seen as he was beaten and thrown in a well, then sold to a trader. Jacob also had a negative reaction to Joseph’s story as it prompted him to scold his son, but later on warns him of his brothers’ intentions. As seen in this situation, the dream caused the theme of sibling rivalry to reach its breaking point, as the brothers plotted to dispose of Joseph. They were able to develop into a character that could not tolerate the favoritism of their father towards Joseph anymore. The mood of this scene turned sour, as jealousy and anger filled the relationship between Joseph and his brothers. His father also experienced a change in character as he became more overprotective of Joseph, scolding him for telling his dreams to his brothers. The mood shifted from an anger to care, in a heartbeat. From the example, the correlation between Theme, Mood, and Character can be seen. It may as well be possible that opposing elements would create unity between the theme, mood, and character. Take the prison scene for example. He was not distraught when he was thrown in prison for God was there to help him. He believed in God whom he shared a covenant with. The prison keeper showed favor towards him—not the typical prison keeper of the ancient times. In prison, he was also given an opportunity to show his blessed skill to two of the Pharaoh’s officials, upon which one died. The setting clearly opposed the mood and the character—prisoners usually degrade in prison. It then enabled the unification of the two with the theme of faith, as Joseph never showed any sign of subjecting to his status. The story of Joseph was probably meant to be a lesson that taught its readers to always remain faithful to God, for He will bless those who are. That may be the message that this story wishes to convey to its readers. For every fall, a periodic rise will follow. References The Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition. (1966). London: Thomas Nelson Sons Ltd, for Incorporated Catholic Truth Society.

Essay --

Effects on Politics at home The Vietnam War brought complete turmoil to the American society. It all started when President Harry Truman wanted to stop the spread of communism in the Middle East and Asia by promoting the United States as an anti-communism country and offering help to other countries that were also against communism. President Truman used the word containment to describe this act of stopping communism in his foreign policies. This containment policy transcended to the 1960s, when John F. Kennedy and his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, were presidents. Kennedy won his presidency based largely on the fact that he promised to be more involvement in Vietnam (which was favored largely by the United States population) and the Cold War in general. Kennedy wanted to be more involved in Vietnam, and the Cold War in general, to preserve America’s power. With Kennedy and his team of U.S. Foreign Policy advisors, they believed to preserve America’s power they could help the development of Third World countries—mostly, in turn so they will not become communist countries. One of these countries so happened to be Laos, however, it soon fell to communism and Kennedy had to pull back forces. With the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion and the back down in Laos, Kennedy believed that America could not withstand another failure; another hit that would diminish America’s integrity. This is what led to Kennedy’s involvement in Vietnam—for he could not take another defeat of it. Kennedy offered a huge amount of support for the Ngo Dinh Diem’s Government. However, Kennedy rejected continuous proposals on sending large amounts of American troops into Vietnam in fear of a full out war and a huge rate of deployment. Instead, Kennedy ... ...t about 2 billion dollars a month, leading America to experience deficits and inflation. Because of this de-valued U.S. currency, it lead foreign investors to invest in things more profitable—taking away a lot of America’s revenue. This lead to extremely higher tax rates, which also, threaten Johnson’s reelection. There were protests in the streets, angry civilians, too many soldiers overseas, and chaos among congress, that led to Johnson’s downfall. America was an absolute turmoil, and because Johnson relied too heavily on his advisors—which often had many different opinions—he did not know how to control the chaos. When reelection time came around, Richard M. Nixon won in a landslide with the promise of ending war in Vietnam. By 1969, Nixon had instituted Vietnamization. This policy ended America’s involvement in the war and lead to a more stable America.

Analysis of Picassos Guernica Essay -- Paintings Artists Pablo Picass

Analysis of Picasso's Guernica Picasso’s Guernica is one of the most powerful and disturbing anti-war paintings ever produced. I have always admired Picasso’s works and wanted to write a dissertation on some aspects of his work. I first saw his Guernica as a poster in my History of Art room. I was fascinated by it and wanted to find out more about its background. I then went to Madrid and saw this vast painting in the Rene Sofia Museum. Its scale and disruptiveness intrigued me to study this painting in depth. I will look at a short background to the Spanish Civil War and why it happened and how it destroyed the Basque town Guernica and everyone living in it. Then I will look at and study PicassoÂ’s reaction to the bombing and how his famous anti-war painting came about. Then I will look at the contemporary reactions to Guernica and how it still affects people alive today. Section 1: The Spanish Civil War This is the background, the context, which informed Picasso, a Catalan in voluntary exile in Paris, and led to the painting of Guernica, which will be discussed in the following sections. Between 1936 and 1939 over 500,000 people were killed in the Spanish Civil War. The depression of the 1930s hit Spain hard. Unemployment rose and Rivera 1* did not have the ability to sort out Spain’s financial mess. The army withdrew its support and Rivera had to resign. In April 1931, elections were held in Spain, which resulted in Republicans winning all the major cities in Spain. Alfonso 2* decided to abdicate, as he feared that if he stayed on, Spain would plummet into chaos. Those victorious at the election then declared Spain a Republic and the monarchy was abolished. The new Republic immediately faced a number of major problems, some of which concerned two important regions in Spain, Catalonia and the Basque region, who wanted independence. Had their requests been successful, it would have lead to the break-up of Spain. The government also believed that the army had too much say in politics and determined to reduce its influence. Spain was primarily an agricultural nation and the 1930s Depression had hit prices for crops. Prime exports such as olive oil and wine fell in value and previously used agricultural land fell into disuse. The little industry that Spain had was also hit by the Depression. Iron and stee... ... Spanish Civil War. In this opinion at least one of the intentions of the painting – to have a propagandist function – has been successfully fulfilled. When I first saw a reproduction of Guernica I had no idea about its contents and the civil war that inspired its iconography. As a result of my research for this dissertation I have learnt so much more about nationality, the context of the war, and, of course Picasso’s deep feelings as a Catalan. I only really knew about Picasso from his Cubist works but now I have discovered a different side of Picasso which I had never learnt about before. Bibliography Books. Picasso – Timothy Hilton A Picasso Anthology – Edited by Marilyn McCully Picasso’s War – Russell Martin Picasso – Ingo F. Walther The Shock of the New – Robert Hughes Picasso – Lorraine Levy Pablo Picasso, A modern Master – Richard Leslie Guernica – Paloma Esteban Leal Paper Museum – Andrew Graham-Dixon The Story of Modern Art – Norbert Lynton Visual Arts in the 20th Century – Edward Lucie-Smith. Newspapers and magazines. The Times March 3 1999 The Times April 28 1937 Web sites. www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk

Green River company Essay

Aberdeen facility is focused on the production of special missile canisters for US Navy. The peculiarity of the production lies in its extraordinary complexity. Canisters have many features that require special attention and careful assembling. Thus, the commitment of workers is the issue of crucial importance. Otherwise, the quality of product will suffer, which is absolutely inadmissible with regard to the nature of production. The privileged position of Aberdeen plant lies in the fact that it doesn’t actually have any competitors. It works for the only customer US Navy. However, it contains hidden threats as well, because there is always a chance of neglecting a quality of product knowing that there is no fight for a customer. The Aberdeen plant was started five years ago without using unions to regulate pay scales and define various job descriptions. It employs 100 employees and is much smaller in size than the Green River facility. The production line utilizes three-quarters of its employees. Bob Lancaster – the founder and the first manager of the plant — first introduced the innovative participative management. Lancaster based his management theory on â€Å"doing the right thing, trust and if you can fix it, do it†. This functioned as a collective, it took away fear from doing or not doing what is needed to complete a task and it also gave each individual the responsibility of solving a problem without having to go through a chain of command to get results. Ken Dailey, Green River plant manager, is intrigued with the management processes at the FMC Aberdeen facility and thus is willing to implement similar changes at Green River. Dailey is a progressive manager and wants to innovate the Green River plant with a progressive style of management as well as three new plants that the corporation plans on building. The major organizational issue pertaining to the possible changes is that of an organizational structure. Obviously, within the Green River plant we notice usual linear structure of organization where authority is delegated from the top to the bottom, from the higher manager to the manager of the lower level. There is a direct relationship between superior and subordinate, with each subordinate responsible to only one person. Line relationships are associated with functional or departmental division of work and organizational control. Line managers have authority and responsibility for all matters and activities within their own department (Sterman, 2000). It means that organizational structure at Green River doesn’t suppose any personal initiative or any social interaction beyond the processes and functions defined. Moreover, linear structure also doesn’t suppose any group discussions, since major decisions are taken above. In contrary, Aberdeen facility has more flat organizational structure, when every employee can turn to the higher level one with an initiative, complaint or offer. Such an organizational structure presupposes more communication and thus has greater impact on employee’s motivation. Flat organizational structure kills the fear towards management in employees and create more favorable working atmosphere. Considering two different types of organizational structure within two facilities, it is possible to say that organizational structure actually impacts the organizational culture and the way people perceive themselves and their importance to the organization, treat each other and behave i. e. working atmosphere that exists. (Brislin, 1993) Thus, in Green River company, people are brought together based on defined roles within the structure of the organization. The nature of the tasks to be done is a predominant feature within this facility. Management, certain rules and relationships, identify goals and norms of behavior are established. Thus, Green River’s organizational culture is very formal. As it was mentioned before, employees do not have a chance and stimulus to socially interact with each other, share their ideas and experience. It is possible to identify Green River’s organizational culture as the one of total control and power from the center. At Aberdeen, in contrary, organizational culture is more people oriented, â€Å"humanized† and caring. This so-called â€Å"human† approach to management has resulted, in particular, in active interaction between employees, as well as in the fact that 30% of all employees were represented by women and 8% by minorities. It helped to create a positive image of the plant in the yes of Aberdeen community and people outside as well.

How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay

How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay Useful Tips on Identifying Cause and Effects Each type of essay requires a particular writing style. It means that students can implement various types of writing when it comes to academic assignments. From compare and contrast papers to cause and effect essays – you need to have a clear understanding of how to write those papers whether you are a college student or professional essay writer. Cause and effect essays are among the most complicated ones when it comes to selecting a proper writing style. A few students and writers actually understand the structure of the paper. The assignment is often poorly understood. This is why we decided to put an ease on your writing process and deliver some helpful tips out of the box. What is the cause and effect essay? The first thing we need to do is to define the term itself. It will make it easier to understand the paper as well as the way it should look like. The paper is about different things that take place in our daily lives and their outcomes. The things are the cause while the outcomes appear to be effects. The main mission is to highlight the skills to provide a strong connection between things and their outcomes. Students are supposed to stress logical links and evidence to those connections. To make the things clearer, the cause explains why the event takes place. For example, the water boils at 100 degrees. The temperature is the cause while the boiling water is the event. Everything looks pretty simple, doesn’t it? The main problem all students face is to identify the effect and the cause. Once you clearly see the difference, the writing process is no longer a challenge. The high temperature is the cause resulting in the boiling water. It explains why the event takes place and under what conditions. No other factors will result in the same event. You may discuss possibilities but eventually prove the cause with the one and only statement that is true. A cause and effect essay may look similar too argumentative paper. The idea is to provide evidence to prove the statement. Make sure you provide enough evidence to establish a strong argumentation of the cause. Having doubts at some point of writing is natural. Never hesitate to ask yourself questions: Why does it happen? What will happen if? It will let you explain the event and the effect. What structure should a cause and effect essay have? The writing process should start with a clear outline and proper structure. Both features are the core points of the paper. They will define the general success of the assignment. You should choose a structure according to the subject. It may consist of each separate factor that results in the event. Or you can discuss them in general dividing into steps and stages. Structure 1 – Several Events, Single Effect The structure consists of multiple causes that result in a single effect. It should contain core points like introduction and conclusion in addition to 3-4 paragraphs deepening on the number of causes. Each paragraph should describe a particular event. Structure 2 – Single Event, Several Causes Vice versa. We have a single event that may result in several effects. The structure is actually the same as the previous one. The only difference is that paragraphs should describe causes, not events. Structure 3 – Casual Chain or Domino Effect This particular structure is the best bet whenever you have a single event that results in a single cause. At the same time, the cause is not a final destination of the process, as it may lead to another effect and so on. In other words, we have the domino effect that consists of various paragraphs describing the next stage. Cause and effect writing tips Once you have developed a clear outline, you only have to follow each step. The writing process is no longer a challenge. Make sure you strictly follow the plan and provide strong enough evidence and links. Now you have to highlight your acknowledgment of the topics. Make notes and use brainstorming to generate as many ideas as possible. Sort out the strongest ones and describe them in particular paragraph. Start with a powerful introduction that defines the core issues of the paper. End with a conclusion highlighting the key points in a short summary.

Ecology of Panther a Leo (Lion)

Ecology of Panther a Leo (Lion) Introduction Understanding of the ecology of animals is very interesting. According to Humphreys (1997, p. 121), many of wildlife habitat encroachment has been reported worldwide. This has mainly happened due to the general increase in population. Increased population leads to high demand for food and other resources that led many to convert the animal habitats into poaching grounds and agricultural areas to feed the hungry population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ecology of Panther a Leo (Lion) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Panther Leo or Lion species is predominantly found in Africa where they have faced tremendous interferences from poachers who have different interests (Firouz 2005, p. 91). Some hunt the animal for skin while others do it for revenge reasons when they attack humans. Lion belongs to the genus Panther with other animals like the Tiger, Jaguar and leopard also. Lions are referred as a ‘k ing of beasts’ in the wilderness. This research focuses on the analyzing the life of a lion. Geographic Distribution of the Species Triefeldt (2008, p. 56) noted that lions are largely found in Africa and in some parts of Asia. The species is reported to be endangered in these areas. Some of the remnants are known to reside in Indian National park, the Gil forest. From the historic perspective, some of the lion species are believed to have moved away from south west of Asia and North Africa. Until the recent past, lion was the most widespread mammal seconding humans. In India, the habitat of lions is in both the forests of dry savanna and the dry forests of deciduous scrub. In Africa, the lion species is found in grasslands of savanna where there are acacia trees. In the 480BC, lions were believed to be common in Greece. They attacked a Persian king during his reign and were reported to be rare by 300BC. Most of the lions were eradicated on the arrival of firearms during the 18th century. Later in the 19th and 20th century, lions started becoming extinct in Southwest of Asia and North Africa. In most parts like India, lions have become extinct. Generally, lions are known to live mostly in the shrubby and forested areas. The picture below shows a lion in its habitat Pattern of distribution of the species within its geographic range According to Lions (1996, p. 58), different lion species are found in different environments depending on the geographical region. However, Africa is commonly known to harbor many lion species, their distribution pattern vary from one location to another within the continent.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some parts of Africa, for example the Eastern part has a considerably high number of lion species compared to the number of the same species in other parts of Africa. In the Asian region, the most commonly found s pecies is the P.L persica. In Africa, researches show that there are five different sub-species found within different geographical regions. These lion species include, the Panther a Leo senegalensis that is found in the parts of Western Africa and P.I.azandica found in the Northern East of Congo. Followed by the P.I.bleyenberghi, a species that is found in Angola and southern parts of Congo, and the Panther a Leo krugeri also known as P.I. verneyi that include the lion species from Kalahari and P.I krugeri, which is found in southern Africa. In the Eastern Africa, there are the P.I nubica, the lion species that are categorized into Masai, Somali, Serengeti, and Congo lions. Individual distribution Lions are well organized. Based on their sexes, there is division of roles or duties. The animals due to their form of organization rarely live in isolation. Female lions giving birth at the same time have a shared responsibility of bringing up the cubs (Riley 2008, p. 79). A part from hu nting for these cubs, lioness would breastfeed them irrespective of the specific cub mothers. The male lions’ big responsibility is to protect the female lions and the young ones. Lions therefore live in groups or prides. A pride on average can comprise 13 lions, both males and females. They also do the hunting in a group and in very rare occasion, a lion will go hunting individually. Major habitats that the species occupies Hunter (2005, p. 46) says that the lion’s habitation varies. Their habitats include plains, forests, and grasslands. Quite a good population of lion species is known to reside even in the semi-arid and at high altitude areas except within the tropical rainforests and extremely desert areas. In fact, a lion species is known to live in Ethiopian Bale mountains that are 4,240 m. African lions are commonly found in savanna habitations or in plains. These areas are believed to have a high prey base. Lions in Asia found in Gir forest India. The lion prid es which constitute both sexes range from two to 40. Within the pride, male lions are usually more than their female counterparts are. In most instances, lions are found in groups, an adaptation that helps in increasing their efficiency when hunting and in guarding their territorial boundaries against other animals. Important habitat components According to Humphreys (1997, p. 127), lions inhibit a wide range of habitats. Mostly they prefer inhibiting in areas that are forestry and shrubby. As seen earlier, these animals like hunting in the darkness in order to hide from the prey. They also like a habitat with some kind valleys to make the hunting easier for them since such areas help them hide from the prey aimed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ecology of Panther a Leo (Lion) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As discussed earlier, lions live not in isolation but in groups. The female do most of the hunting especial ly hunting the light prey like gazelles and wild beasts. On the hand, male like hunting huge animals like zebras and buffalos. Both male and female lions have different preferences for prey hunted. Most of this species as seen from the discussion above, in Africa they are mostly found in Kalahari. This place is full of scattered acacia trees. They like such a place because they shelter under these trees during sunny seasons. Female lions also give birth under trees or under shade. Foods eaten According to DeGraaf (2000, p. 28) lions are predatory and carnivorous animals. The lion’s prey range from the small sized to the large sized animals. Their diet is mainly comprised of birds, rodents, buffalos Zebras and many other small and big animals. The lion as said earlier has the dominion over almost all other animals in the wilderness. Lion, the king of the Jungle, is able to straggle and kill animals like Rhinos, Antelopes, Zebra, and many others to obtain food. The animal is ve ry cunning .After killing other animals; lions ensure that they do not share their kills and do chasing away other predators. The figure below shows a lion carrying away its prey. McGuire (1989, 40) says that in most of the occasions, the female lions do the hunting. Hunting activity is usually individually and in prides also. The prides just like female and male lions, differ in food preference. Female lions prefer hunting preys like antelopes while their male counterparts prefer large animals like buffalos (Mitra 2005, p.125). The hunting is normally done in groups and at night. Lions are much slower compared to the speed of most of their prey. Although they can also run fast, most of the preys they hunt are faster hence, hunting at night helps them in concealing their presence against the animals they hunt.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Timing and pattern of reproduction Marshall (2010, p. 114) observes that lions are polygamous in their breeding. The gestation period of lions is around 110 days. Their breeding is throughout the year. By the age of four years, most lionesses are ready for reproduction. Mating takes place at specific times of the year among the lion, which can take several days (Mitra 2005, p.35). A female lion, when on heat can mate with several different males. When giving birth, the female lion isolates to a sheltered place away from the rest of the pride. Some researches show that lions breed well in protected area such as game parks. A lioness on average can give birth from two four cubs per each attempt. After birth the female does not immediately mate again, it takes some time, usually about two years. The cubs are usually blind at birth. Their eyes open roughly after a week. The diagram below shows lions mating. Olney (1994, p. 89) says that the mother lioness hunts for its young ones and p rotects them from predation until they are able to support themselves. In a situation where many lionesses have given birth at the same time, they share the responsibility of rising as well as feeding the young ones. Cubs’ mother isolates from the rest of the pride for a maximum period of 8 weeks. Weaning of the young lions can start from the seventh month. Normally, at the age of 3 years, a male lion riches maturity and at the age of 5 years, they are in a position to defend other pride members. The female lions mature so fast and from the age of 4 years, they are ready for procreation. The male lions rule the prides and always fight for their chances to take over the ruling position in a pride (Feldhamer 2003, p. 56). There is therefore a continuous competition between female lions and males over their social structure. Conservation or Pest Status According to Skinner and Chimimba (2005, p. 118) most lion species live in Southern and Eastern Africa. It is reported that desp ite the breeding ability of lions, their number is decreasing each day. Estimations indicates that about 23,500 lions are in African protected areas against the 100,000 lions present a century before (Olney 1994, p. 119). The main pest affecting the lion species are the humans. Poaching of lions and human encroaching the lion’s habitats, has been on rise. There increased cases of human-wildlife conflicts, a factor that is facilitated by loss of habitats for these animals hence migrating to human habitations. Due to habitats loss and poaching, the population of the remaining lion species lives in isolation, a factor that encourages inbreeding leading to decrease in genetic diversity. Interference of the lions habitats buy humans as posed a serious impact on species conservation (United Nations Environment Programme 2008, p. 113). There is need to create awareness to the public on the importance and need for conserving lions and wildlife in general. A part from humans, lions al so face predation from other animals. Although lions are serious carnivores, they are predated upon by animals such as cheetahs, hyenas and leopards which are commonly known in killing the lion young ones and the aged lions. Population Management According to Fleagle (1999, p. 81), after the realization that the population of lion species is decreasing every day, a number of coordinated measures has been put in place to manage the remaining population. This plan was started in 1982 for those lions in Asia, but since the lions in this region were discovered impure genetically, the plan was suspended (DeGraaf 2000, p. 78). The plan of lion population management in Africa started a year later focusing mainly on the subspecies in the southern Africa. This plan has been faced by a series of challenges. Most of the captive lions are from an unknown origin and diversity, a factor that makes population management based on their genetic diversity difficult. Amongst the pride, lions have a wa y in which they manage their population. Lions after giving birth always like staying with their young ones in the same pride so that they can continually watch over them. This process continues up to around 40 lions, which is the maximum number for a pride. After acquiring the maximum number, that a pride can support, the incoming extra lions split and shift to a different region for easy management and foraging. This avoids competition over resources like food, water, and shelter. List of References DeGraaf, R 2000, New England wildlife: Habitat, natural history, and distribution, University Press of New England, Hanover. Feldhamer, G 2003, Wild mammals of North America: Biology, management, and conservation, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Firouz, E 2005, The complete fauna of Iran, Tauris, London. Fleagle, J 1999, Primate adaptation and evolution, Academic Press, San Diego. Humphreys, P 1997, The lion and the gazelle: The mammals and birds of Iran, I.B. Tauris, London . Hunter, L 2005, Cats of Africa: Behaviour, ecology, and conservation, Struik, Cape Town. Lions, J 1996, Lions commentary on Unix 6th edition: With source code, Peer-to-Peer Communications, San Jose. Marshall, C 2010, Mammal anatomy: An illustrated guide, Marshall Cavendish, New York. McGuire, L 1989, Lions, Aladdin Books, New York. Mitra, S. (2005). Gir Forest and the saga of the Asiatic lion. New Delhi: Indus. Olney, P 1994, Creative conservation: Interactive management of wild and captive animals, Chapman Hall, London. Riley, J 2008, African lions, Lerner, Minneapolis. Skinner, J Chimimba, C 2005, The mammals of the southern African subregion, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Triefeldt, L 2008, Plants animals: A special collection from the World of wonder series, Quill Driver Books/Word Dancer Press Sanger. United Nations Environment Programme 2008, Africa: Atlas of our changing environment, United Nations Environment Program Nairobi.

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The significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Essay The significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The class action Brown v. Board of Education is recognized as one of the greatest decision in the twentieth century by the Supreme Court. This court held unanimously that racial discrimination of kids in public schools desecrated the Equal protection clause in the constitution. Even though the decision was not successful in United States in completely desegregating public education, it incited the civil rights movement which was emerging into a popular revolution and also succeeded in putting constitution on the side of the racial equality. Many regions of United States had numerous segregated schools in 1954 and this was made legal in plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 where it was held that isolated public facilities were constitutional provided that white and black facilities were â€Å"equal† to each other. But, by mid-twentieth century the civil rights groups established political and legal challenges to racial discrimination. In early 1950’s some class lawsuits were initiated as a way of seeking court orders to oblige school districts to allow black students to attend white public schools. Brown v. Board of education case was one of the class actions which were initiated against the Topeka. In this case Brown argued that Topeka’s racial discrimination violated the clause of equal protection of United States constitution. This decision by the Supreme Court declared discrimination in the educational facilities was unconstitutional. Supreme Court through this decision ended the notion that â€Å"separa te† could be termed as being â€Å"equal† (Retrieved May 5, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html). How did the Tet Offensive change American public opinion about the war in Vietnam?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tet offensive which was televised in the United States nightly surprised a lot of Americans who had the idea previously of United States easily taking care of the enemy. United States forces pushed the Vietnamese forces back where they eventually caused huge casualties on them however the effect of fighting on United States public opinion was very huge(Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/cliffsnotes/history/how-did-the-tet-offensive-affect-public-opinion-about-the-vietnam-war). Briefly describe the factors that brought an end to the Cold War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cold war came to an end since a reformist faction of the communist party came to power in the USSR with Andropov, and then again with Gorbachev, since the old-guard, and just plain old, soviet leaders kept dying. Gorbachev from a younger generation had a much more critical attitude towards the UUSR and was much more educated, intelligent, worldly and open-minded than any other previous leader who is more than Reagan too. There was, however, one other group responsible for the end of the cold war: the individuals of the USSR and Eastern Europe who protests and organized at great personal risks. Their protests and Gorbachev’s acceptance of their roles brought about the end of the cold war not United States arms deployment which may have delayed the whole process (Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_events_started_and_ended_the_Cold_War?#slide=28). Briefly describe the reason the Clinton administration embraced NAFTA and the WTO and why the WTO was such a controversial organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clinton’s administration was aimed at curbing international and domestic terrorism. Clinton administration efforts were aimed at rewarding those who worked. WTO is a basic international body which is aimed at assisting in the free trade. Controversy has faced WTO where it has been hijacked through county interests therefore worsening the lot of poor, intense criticism and inviting protest (Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.globalissues.org/article/42/the-wto-and-free-trade). References How did the Tet Offensive affect public opinion about the Vietnam War?. (n.d.). How did the Tet Offensive affect public opinion about the Vietnam War?. Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/cliffsnotes/history/how-did-the-tet-offensive-affect-public-opinion-about-the-vietnam-war The WTO and Free Trade. (n.d.). Global Issues. Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.globalissues.org/article/42/the-wto-and-free-trade What events started and ended the Cold War?. (n.d.). WikiAnswers. Retrieved May 6, 2014, fromhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_events_started_and_ended_the_Cold_War?#slide=28 supreme court. (n.d.). PBS. Retrieved May 5, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html Source document

System Analysis And Design Soccer Club Database Computer Science Essay

System Analysis And Design Soccer Club Database Computer Science Essay The aim of this project is to design and implement the database application to replace the current paper system of the Soccer Club. This is the objective of system. The committee of Soccer club wants to use this system for member registration, fee payment, creation of matches list, set up the training sessions, publishes the result of each game. The coaches want to use this system to allocation of team. c) A Data Flow Diagram for the system including: (12 marks) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Process descriptions 1. Register Membership, when public want to join the membership, the committee of Soccer club will provide the application from to public, and check the application from is complete or not. And verified their ID and contact address. If the information is correct. Then will collect the membership fee and create the membership card to the member. And the information of the member will keep in the member table table. 2. Team allocation, the coach will get the playing members information from the member table table. And the coach will select the compatible member into the on game list. This is use to join the game of League and Cup. And also will update the information of the team to the Team table table. For example select the captain of the team. 3. Plan Training Session, the Soccer club have hold a number of training sessions, the training session is lead by international player. When the committee of Soccer club setting up the training sessions, they need to connect with international player for lead the session. And the international player needs to confirm to lead the sessions. The data of international player is store in international player table table and the data of training session is store in Training table table. 4. Create fixture lists, when the Soccer club joins the game of league competition and cup competition. The league competition and cup competition will collect other 15 teams and provide the fixture list to the Soccer club. The committee of Soccer club need to publish this fixture list to the public, let them know the home team, away team, match address, match day and time. This data will store in Fixture list and result table. In this fixture list we also will know which team will join the league and cup. Other Soccer teams information will store in Other teams table table. 5. Publish result, all the result of the matches, will be provide from the league competition and cup competition. The result of Soccer club and other teams also need to collect. This data will store in the result table table, they will publish the result to the public. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data store contents 1. Member Detail, This is the table of members information. It include the field: Member_ID, Name, Date_of_Birth, Membership_type, Phone, Address, Email, user_ID, Team_ID, On_game_list, Committee_ID 2. Team Detail, This is the table o f Soccer Cups Team. It include the field: Team_ID, Coach_ID, Captain_Member_ID, Vice_Captain_Member_ID, Team_Name, Member_ID 3. International Player Detail: This is the table of international players information, this table include the field: Player_ID, Phone, Address, Email, Salary, user_ID 4. Training Detail, this is the table of Trainings information, it include this field: Session_ID, Name, Player_ID, Player_Name, session_open_day, Address, time, total_hour, Session_Fee, Committee_ID 5. Other_Teams Detail, this is the table of other teams information which team are join the match with Soccer club. This table include the field: Other_team_ID, Name 6. Fixture Lists and result Detail, this is table of the match list and the result of the match. This table include the field: Match_ID, Team_ID, Other_team_ID, Match_address, Date, Time, Team_score, Other_team_score à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ External entity definitions 1. Member of Public, this is the people who join the Soccer club membership and they have been pay the membership fee every year. They can be playing members or simply social members. 2. Coach and International player, this is the people who responsible for training and selecting the team. And they also make the arrangements for travelling to matches at other Soccer club. And the international player is the trainer of open training session. 3. Committee, this is the people who responsible for organizing open training sessions, inviting international players to lead the sessions, advertising the training sessions and determining and collecting the fee for such sessions. And they also need to collect and publish the matches result. 4. League and cup, this is the local league competition and local cup competition, the Soccer join the match by this two competitions. They provide the matches result and the fixture lists to the Soccer club. Task 2 Create a data model detailing the data structure required to support the information and process requirements of the soccer club system including: a) An Entity Relationship Diagram for the system. (6 marks) b) Entity descriptions for all entities in the diagram. (4 marks) 1. User 2. Coach 3. Member 4. Team 5. Position 6. Committee 7. Other team 8. Training 9. Fixture List and Result 10. International Player 11. Training Student 12. Student c) Appropriate attributes for all entities including primary and foreign keys. (5 marks) 1. Entity: User Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table for the User login ID and password. The user of this system will use the information of this table to login. Attributes: User_ID, User_Login, Password, Group Primary Key: User_ID 2. Entity: Coach Object Type: Relation Description: The coachs personal information which system need are store in this table. Attribute: Coach_ID, Name, Address, Phone, Email, User_ID Primary Key: Coach_ID Foreign Key: User_ID references to User table. 3. Entity: Member Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store members record. Attribute: Member_ID, Name, ID_card_number, Date_of_birth, Membership_type, Phone, Address, Email, User_ID, On_game_list Primary Key: Member_ID Foreign Key: User_ID references to User table table. Foreign Key: Committee_ID references to Committee table 4. Entity: Team Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store Soccer club player teams record. Attribute: Team_ID, Coach_ID, Captain_Member_ID, Vice_Captain_Member_ID, Team_Name, Member_ID Primary Key: Team_ID Foreign Key: Coach_ID references to Coach table. Foreign Key: Member_ID references to Member table. 5. Entity: Position Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store the position of committees record. Attribute: Position_ID, Position_name Primary Key: Position_ID 6. Entity: Committee Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store the committee record. Attribute: Committee_ID, Team_ID, Position_ID Primary Key: Committee_ID Foreign Key: Team_ID reference to Team table. Foreign Key: Position_ID reference to Position table. 7. Entity: Other Team Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store the record of other Soccer team which will match with Soccer Clubs team. Attribute: Other_team_ID, Name Primary Key: Other_team_ID 8. Entity: Training Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store the open training sessions record. Attribute: Session_ID, Name, Player_ID, Player_Name, Session_open_day, Address, Time, Total_hour, Session_Fee, Committee_ID Primary Key: Session_ID Foreign Key: Player_ID references to International Player. Foreign Key: Committee_ID references to Committee. 9. Entity: Fixture Lists and Result Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store the record of fixture Lists and the match result. Attribute: Match_ID, Team_ID, Other_team_ID, Match_address, Date, Time, Team_score, Other_team_score Primary Key: Match_ID Foreign Key: Team_ID references to Team table. Foreign Key: Other_team_ID references to Other team table. 10. Entity: International Player Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store the record of international player. The international player is the trainer of open training session. Attribute: Player_ID, Phone, Address, Email, Salary, User_ID Primary Key: Player_ID Foreign Key: User_ID references to User table. 11. Entity: Training Student Object Type: Relation Description: This is the link entity of Training table and Student table. Because one student can join many training session and one training session can have many students. So we need to use link entity to resolve this many to many relationship. Attribute: Training_studnet_ID, Session_ID, ID_card_Number Primary key: Traininig_student_ID Foreign Key: Session_ID references to Training table. Foreign Key: ID_card_number references to Student table. 12. Entity: Student Object Type: Relation Description: This is a table to store the record of student. Attribute: ID_card_number, Name, Phone, Address, Email Primary Key: ID_card_number d) Relationships detailing optionality and degree of relationships between entities. (5 marks) 1. Relationship ID: R1 Name: Coach table to User table Object Type: Relationship Description: Each coach has only one unique User_ID Cardinality: one to one, Coach table is the one side. One User_ID only belong to one coach. User table also is the one side. One coach only has one unique User_ID. Optional: Coach table is the optional side. A user may be not a coach. User table is the mandatory side. A coach must be a user. 2. Relationship ID: R2 Name: International Player table to User table Object Type: Relationship Description: Each international player has one unique User_ID Cardinality: one to one International Player table is the one side. One User_ID only can belong to one international player. User table also is the one side. One international player only has one User_ID. Optional: International Player table is the optional side. A user may be not a international player. User table is the mandatory side. A international player must be a user. 3. Relationship ID: R3 Name: Member table to User table Object Type: Relationship Description: Each member has one unique user_ID. Cardinality: one to one Member table is the one side. One User_ID only belong to one member. User table is the one side. One member only can have one User_ID. Optional: Member table is the optional side. A use may be not a member. User table is the mandatory side. A member must be a user. 4. Relationship ID: R4 Name: Member table to Team table Object Type: Relationship Description: Member belongs to Ruby Clubs team. Cardinality: many to one Member table is the many side. One team can have many members. Team table is the one side. One member only can belong one team. Optional: Member table is the optional side. A team may be not has any member. Team table is the optional side. A member may be not belongs to any team. 5. Relationship ID: R5 Name: Team table to Coach table Object Type: Relationship Description: Each team must have a coach. Cardinality: one to one Team table is the one side. One coach only can belong one team. Coach table is the one side. One team only can have one coach. Optional: Team table is the optional side. A coach can have any team to lead. Coach table is the mandatory side. A team must have a coach. 6. Relationship ID: R6 Name: Member table to Committee table Object Type: Relationship Description: Some member is the committee of Soccer Club. Cardinality: many to one Member table is the many side. One committee position can belong to many members. Committee table is the one side. One member only can have one committee position. Optional: Member table is the mandatory side. A committee position must belong to member. Committee table is the optional side. A member may be not have a committee position. 7. Relationship ID: R7 Name: Position table to Committee table Object Type: Relationship Description: Each committee member of Soccer Club has a position. Cardinality: one to many Position table is the one side. One committee members only can have one position. Committee table is the many side. One position only can belong to many committee members. Optional: Position table is the mandatory side. A committee must have a position. Committee table is the optional side. A position may be not belongs to any committee member. 8. Relationship ID: R8 Name: Team table to Committee table Object Type: Relationship Description: Every committee member belongs to their team of Soccer Club. Cardinality: one to many Team table is the one side. One committee member only belong one team. Committee table is the many side. One team can have many committee members. Optional: Team table is the mandatory side. Every committee member must belong to a team. Committee table is the optional side. A team may be not has any committee member. 9. Relationship ID: R9 Name: Team table to Fixture List and Result table Object Type: Relationship Description: The team of Soccer Club will have match will other team. Cardinality: one to many Team table is the one side. One match only can join with one Soccer club team and one other team. Fixture List and Result table is the many side. One team can has many matches to play. Optional: Team table is the mandatory side. The match must have Soccer clubs team. Fixture List and Result table is optional side. A team may be not has any match. 10. Relationship ID: R10 Name: Other Team table to Fixture List and Result table Object Type: Relationship Description: Some member is the committee of Soccer Club. Cardinality: one to many Other Team table is the one side. One match only can join with one Soccer club team and one other team. Fixture List and Result table is the many side. One other team can have many matches to play. Optional: Team table is the mandatory side. The match must have Soccer clubs team. Fixture List and Result table is the optional side. A team may be not has any match. 11. Relationship ID:R11 Name: Committee table to Training table Object Type: Relationship Description: Committee member with responsibility for this open training session. Cardinality: many to one Committee table is the one side. One session will lead by one committee member. Training table is the many side. One committee member can lead many training session. Optional: Committee table is the mandatory side. The training session must lead by committee member and international player. Training table is the optional side. A committee member may be not lead any open training session. 12. Relationship ID:R12 Name: International Player table to Training table Object Type: Relationship Description: International player with responsibility for this open training session. Cardinality: many to one International Player table is the one side. One session will lead by one international player. Training table is the many side. One international player can lead many training session. Optional: Committee table is the mandatory side. The training session must lead by committee member and international player. Training table is the optional side. A international player may be not lead any open training session. 13. Relationship ID:R13 Name: Training Student table to Training table Object Type: Relationship Description: It is a link entity to solve the many to many relationship of Training table and Student table. It break it to two one to many relationships. Cardinality: many to one Training Student table is the many side. Training table is one the side. Optional: Training Student table is the mandatory side. Training table is the mandatory side. 14. Relationship ID:R14 Name: Training Student table to Student table Object Type: Relationship Description: It is a link entity to solve the many to many relationship of Training table and Student table. It break to two one to many relationships. Cardinality: many to one Training Student table is the many side. Student table is the one side. Optional: Training Student table is the mandatory side. The student must take training session, if not take the training session, only is public not student. Student table is the mandatory side. Task 3 Create an Entity Life History for a training session. First is Join Member stage, then Member Amendment is the second stage, this stage can be repeat. And under this stage have three options, Change Membership Type, Change Personal table and Do nothing. Finish this stage will become to Membership Overdue stage. This is the third stage of member. It has two options, Pay membership fee and Resign Member. If choose Pay member fee, then will back to the Member Amendment, and if choose Resign Member, then will become the last stage of member Delete Member. This is the end of this entity. Task 4 Create a database design for the soccer club system including: a) A set of tables identifying primary and foreign keys.(10 marks) User (User_ID, password, Group) Coach (Coach_ID, Name, Address, Phone, Email, User_ID) Team (Team_ID, Coach_ID, Captain_Member_ID, Vice_Captain_Member_ID, Team Name) Member (Member_ID, Name, ID_card_num,ber, Date_of_birth, Membership_Type, Phone, Address, Email, User_ID, On_game_list, Committee_ID, Team_ID) Position (Position_ID, Position_name) Committee (Committee_ID, Team_ID, Position_ID) Other team (Other_team_ID, Name) Fixture List and Result (Match_ID, Team_ID, Other_team_ID, Match_address, Date, Time, Team_score, Other_team_score) Training (Session_ID, Session_Name, Player_ID, Session_open_day, Address, Time, Total_hour, Session_Fee, Committee_ID) International Player (Player_ID, Player_Name, Phone, Address, Email, Salary, User_ID) Training Student (Training_student_ID, Session_ID, ID_card_number) Student (ID_card_number, Name, Phone, Address, Email) b) Data Dictionary entries for all items included in the database design. (10 marks) Table Name: User Table Type: Entity Description: It contains users detail. This is a table that includes all users password and login name. Data Field Name Format Key User_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key User_LOGIN VARCHAR(20) Password VARCHAR(15) Group VARCHAR(15) Table Name: Coach Table Type: Entity Description: It contains coachs detail. This is a table that includes the personal information of coach. Data Field Name Format Key Coach_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Name VARCHAR(50) Address VARCHAR(50) Phone CHAR(8) Email VARCHAR(30 User_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference User table Table Name: Member Table Type: Entity Description: It contains members detail. This is a table that includes the members membership type, belong to which team and their personal information. Data Field Name Format Key Member_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Name VARCHAR(50) ID_card_number CHAR(8) Date_of_birth DATE Membership_type CHAR(1) Phone CHAR(8) Address VARCHAR(50) Email VARCHAR(30 User_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference User table. On_game_list CHAR(1) Committee_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Committee table. Team_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Team table. Table Name: Team Table Type: Entity Description: It contains teams detail. This is a table that includes the name of team, the coach of team, the captain and the vice captain of the team. Data Field Name Format Key Team_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Coach_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Coach table. Captain_Member_ID CHAR(10) Vice_Captain_Member_ID CHAR(10) Team_Name VARCHAR(50) Table Name: Position Table Type: Entity Description: It contains position name and unique identifier.. Data Field Name Format Key Position_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Position_Name VARCHAR(50) Table Name: Committee Table Type: Entity Description: It contains committee detail. This is a table that includes the information of the committee is which position of which team. Data Field Name Format Key Committee_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Team_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Team table. Position_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Position table. Table Name: Other Team Table Type: Entity Description: It contains other team detail. The other team is the team which will match with Soccer clubs team. This table includes their name and unique identifier. Data Field Name Format Key Other_team_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Name VARCHAR(50) Table Name: Training Table Type: Entity Description: It contains open training sessions detail. It includes the date, time and the trainer. Data Field Name Format Key Session_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Name VARCHAR(50) Foreign Key reference Coach table. Player_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference International Player table Session_open_day DATE Address VARCHAR(100) Time TIME Total_hour CHAR(2) Session_Fee DECIMAL Committee_ID CHAR(10) Table Name: Fixture List and Result Table Type: Entity Description: It contains the fixture list and match result detail. Data Field Name Format Key Match_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Team_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Coach table. Other_team_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference International Player table Session_open_day DATE Address VARCHAR(100) Time TIME Total_hour CHAR(2) Session_Fee DECIMAL Committee_ID CHAR(10) Table Name: International Player Table Type: Entity Description: It contains the international player (open training session coach) detail. It includes their name, salary and personal contact. Data Field Name Format Key Player_ID CHAR(10) Primary Key Name VARCHAR(50) Phone CHAR(8) Address VARCHAR(100) Email VARCHAR(50) Salary DECIMAL User_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference User table. Table Name: Training Student Table Type: Entity Description: It contains link entity of Training and Student tables. Data Field Name Format Key Training_student_ID CHAR(20) Primary Key Session_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Training table. Student_ID CHAR(10) Foreign Key reference Student table Table Name: Student Table Type: Entity Description: It contains the open training sessions student detail. This includes the ID card, name and contact of student. Data Field Name Format Key ID_card_number CHAR(8) Primary Key Name VARCHAR(50) Phone CHAR(8) Address VARCHAR(100) Email VARCHAR(50)  ­ Task 5 Create a prototype user interface for the soccer club system including, as a minimum, the following functions: a) Adding a new member. (5 marks) b) Creating a fixture list for a team. (5 marks) c) Recording a match result. (5 marks) Task 6 You are responsible for organising the initial training of the system users and producing the User Guide for the new system. Create an outline training plan for the new system including who would be trained, how the session(s) would be organised (e.g. all together, small groups, etc.) (8 marks) This is the training plan of the Soccer club system, the objective is want the user understand more about the system, and let them user this system smoothly. We have three user groups need to training, Public, Coach and Committee are our target. The public user group we want they know how to use this system to download application form, view the fixture list and view the result of match. The coach user group we want them understand how to allocate team. And the committee user group we want them understand how to create new member, edit member detail, create fixture list, update fixture list, create match result and update match result. We will give training session to each user group and give user guide with print screens to them. And need a computer room let them use the system at the training session. For the public user group we need about 30 minutes to training. The coach user group we need about 60 minutes to training. And the committee user we need about 2 hours to training  ­ Group User Skill Material Public Member and public Download application from View fixture list View match result Public user guide Coach Team coach Allocation team Coach user guide Committee Committee member Create new member Update member detail Create fixture list Update fixture list Create match result Update match result Committee user guide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Create a User Guide for the system. This should not be a comprehensive system manual but a reference document that users can use as a quick guide to the tasks they need to carry out. (10 marks) Task 7 Create a comprehensive, professional standard report describing your system design for the soccer club. This should include the details of tasks 1 6 including the User Guide. 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