Twelfth Night Essay Paper Example For Students

Twelfth Night Essay Paper In Shakespeares Twelfth Night, it is obviously clear that thefluctuation in disposition to the double job and circumstance and tribulations imposedupon the character of Viola/Cesario winds up in a superior comprehension of bothsexes, and along these lines, permits Viola to have a superior comprehension for Orsino. Nearthe opening of the play, when Viola is embracing her male personality, she createsanother self, similar to two veils and may choose to wear either whileswinging between the two dentities in feeling and in character. She chooses totake on this personality since she has more opportunity in the public arena in her Cesariomask, which is apparent when she is promptly acknowledged by Orsino, though, in herfemale character she would not be. In this way, a standard job in the public arena and to theoutlooks of others is depicted. Orsino sees Cesario, as a youthful assistant juststarting out on the planet, much such as himself as a youthful, nimble fellow, so he has atendency to be all the more ready to empty onto her with his difficulties and sorrows,seeking a friend with which to share and to educate. Therefore, Viola develops in hermale camouflage to show signs of improvement feeling for his internal identity, not the self thatheshows to people in general, or would uncover and impart to Viola in her actual femaleself, but instead his mystery self, as he accepts he imparts to a companion. In this way, shegrows to adore him. In any case, Orsinos inspiration is really not love for Viola, butrather he is by all accounts in affection with adoration itself. His whole world is filled withlove yet he realizes that there may be a defining moment for him, similar to when hesays: If music be the food of affection, play on; give me overabundance of it, that,surfeiting, the craving may nauseate, thus bite the dust. (206) This statement shows that heknows that he is so up to speed in affection, that he trusts his appetitefor love may stew when he takes beyond what he can deal with. Close to the furthest limit of theplay, when all stunts and injustices are uncovered and all veils are lifted,Orsino begins to look all starry eyed at Viola. He initially pardons her/him ofher/his obligation to him, the ace; at that point says that she will currently be her mastersmistress: Your lord stops you; and for your administration done him, so much againstthe guts of your sex, so far underneath your delicate and delicate reproducing, and sinceyou calld me ace for such a long time, here is my hand. You will from this time beyour experts fancy woman (237) This is kind of an exchanging love as he suspected hewas in adoration with Olivia first and foremost, be that as it may, he promptly switches his affection toViola, as he feel she realizes her character well. With respect to Viola, she pronounces herlove for Orsino commonly, as though by saying that she would adore him on the off chance that she werea woman. When Orsino first sends Cesario to go about as a det achment and send Orsinoslove to Olivia, Cesario announces: Ill give a valiant effort to charm your woman; asideyet, a barful struggle! Whoeer I charm, myself would be his better half. (210) This showsthat Viola realizes what a troublesome circumstance that she is in, and that she mighttry to charm her out of adoring Orsino, with the goal that she may have him for herself;except there is a slight, surprising spot of fateAfter Cesario leaves fromOlivias, she pronounces: yet my state is well; I am a noble man. Sick besworn thou craftsmanship. Thy tongue, thy face, thy appendages, and soul, do give theefive-overlay blazon. Not very quick: delicate, delicate! Except if the ace were the man. Hownow! Indeed, even so rapidly may one catch the plague? Methinks I feel this young people per-fections with an undetectable and unobtrusive secrecy to sneak in at mine eyes. Well,let it be. What ho, Malvolio! (212) Olivia, is recalling her inquiry toCesario, and his reaction to it. At that point she answers to Cesarios reaction, toherself, pondering him. She concurs with his reaction, at that point goes over hismany delightfulfeatures, and thinks about how she so rapidly has gotten the plague oflove for youthful Cesario. She concludes that it is her inclination towards his youthfulperfections that creep into her heart and to her eyes. At that point she concurs with herdecision, and sends for Malvolio, with the expectation that he may review Cesario, so thatshe may converse with him once more. Olivia feels a solid enthusiastic love for Cesario,even however it was unexplainable adoration for her. Cesario introduced (himself) verymagnificently and left an enduring impression in Olivias mind. Whenever thatCesario stopped by, Olivia proclaimed: hood, respect, truth and everything, I lovethee along these lines, that, maugre all thy pride, nor mind nor reason can my energy stow away. .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 , .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 .postImageUrl , .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 , .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2:hover , .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2:visited , .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2:active { border:0!important; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2:active , .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2:hover { obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30 caa694d24d2 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub89a09c9eeee98ff74b30caa694d24d2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Timeline History Of Russia 1533-1991 Essay We will compose a custom article on Twelfth Night Paper explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now (224) This confirms Olivia is significantly infatuated with Cesario, regardless of allhis pride. However, Cesario doesn't have similar feelings for Olivia as hesays: By blamelessness I swear, and by my childhood, I have one heart, one chest and onetruth, And that no lady has; nor never none will fancy woman be of it, spare Ialone. Thus goodbye, great madam. (229) Here, Viola reveals to Olivia that she couldnever love her, nor some other lady since she just has one love (to Orsino)and is steadfast. In any case, Olivia is as yet infatuated, and demands that Cesario return. Generally, Viola discovers that in the job of Cesario she must be snappy on herfeet, and protect the examining questions and proclamations concerning her adoration and otherslove for her. Too she obtained the aptitude to stick around for her chance, until the timewas right, in case she uncover her actual self or aims. Shakespeare

Case Study Make Green Delicious Essay Example

Contextual analysis Make Green Delicious Essay Example Contextual analysis Make Green Delicious Essay Contextual analysis Make Green Delicious Essay - A. - Introduction/Statement of the Problem: As the official chief of the National Hockey League Players’ Association (NHLPA), Bob Goodenow is confronted with the issue of building up an interchanges system for the NHLPA. It must set up a solid bartering position for the players that viably impart their situation on the pay top issue, while additionally hold the reliability of hockey fans. B. - Analysis: The present Collective Bargaining Agreement incorporates a constrained compensation top and passage level pay top, and lapses September fifteenth, 2004. It is not, at this point fruitful at controlling fast development in player pay rates and shaping an immediate connection between pay development and class incomes. The Unified Report of Operations asserts that most of NHL groups have lost cash as of late. Proprietors accept that there are â€Å"major inadequacies in the present agreement that has prompted huge money related misfortunes and a serious unevenness. Littler groups can’t rival bigger groups; in this manner the alliance can’t be serious. There is a progress from a nearby market to a group wide market, so players’ pay rates are raising to levels that are impractical. Passage level compensation tops are insufficient because of marking rewards. The NHL income development rises to 173%, while the players’ pay development rises to 261% over the term of the CBA. The players’ pay rates represent 75% of NHL incomes, which is a lot higher than different games. Proprietors accept a component is expected to control player compensations and bind them to incomes. Players question the legitimacy of the money related data, URO, and Levitt Report. Players contend against the proposed arrangements and state free market powers ought to decide players’ pay rates. There is no legitimacy in the owners’ fiscal summaries, which may bolster that the absence of incomes is because of poor business choices, not high player pay rates. C. - Alternatives: A) Strategy that centers around the players’ current position on the compensation top, utilizing free market powers, sketchy monetary legitimacy, and poor business choices as their foundation for picking up the media and the fans support. B) Strategy that underlines on the absence of money related straightforwardness of the NHL and its proprietors that has driven a postponed understanding. C) Continue with the present correspondences technique. D. - Recommendation: Bob is prescribed to pick elective An and seek after a correspondences methodology, which underlines the NHL players’ current situation on the proposed compensation top. E. - Implementation Plan: Bob should start by plainly setting up the players’ qualities and objectives concerning the arrangement and how he expects on conveying them to arrive at the fans. This would include taking the players’ position on the compensation top and conveying it reliably through the NHLPA’s site, players’ individual internet based life, radio meetings, and so forth. It would incorporate thinking to help the players’ position, for example, the absence of straightforwardness and legitimacy in money related data introduced by the NHL proprietors, just as the significance of free markets in the assurance of pay rates. By utilizing the players as a wellspring of free media and exposure, the NHLPA can underline their position and feel for the fans and their normal love for the game. Here, the players can clarify that a pay top would basically be equivalent to a pay cut for players. This is something that no one would concur with on the off chance that it went to their own activity, regardless of whether they are rich or poor. By viably imparting the players’ position on the proposed pay top to the fans and open, the NHLPA can increase an ideal haggling position over the NHL proprietors for the up and coming arrangements in September 2004. It will likewise help hold fan unwaveringness to the NHL and its associations, which is a typical enthusiasm for the two gatherings.

Marketing Communication Plans Free-Samples -Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Briefly depict the Industry Market for your Organisation2.Outline and look at the Major Market portions for your Organization and recognize your essential and auxiliary objective Markets.3.Describe the idea of rivalry in your industry. Clarify and break down your associations place in the market by Comparing and Contrasting its Strengths and Weaknesses to your fundamental Competitor.4.Taking into Consideration the Primary Segment, their degree of Involvement and the Competition, make a situating map for the Market place. Answers: Presentation Showcasing is the procedure wherein different instruments and methods are utilized by an association to make attention to its items and administrations among individuals in the market. These days, advertising is fundamental for organizations since it straightforwardly underpins in improving the volume of deals and profitability(Hannah, Parent, Pitt, Berthon, 2014). In any case, it very well may be basically contended that administration of advertising rehearses isn't a simple errand for organizations as they are required to contribute huge scopes of endeavors and assets. The ebb and flow look into depends on Apple Inc. which is an American based global innovation organization. The association was built up in 1976 and at present, it is considered as the main brand on the planet. This examination investigates industry market of Apple Inc. in Australia. Moreover, the essential and optional market fragment of the brand is likewise featured in the current research. 1.Industry investigation and market patterns In a market, for example, Australia, the organization is working with the name of Apple Pty and is headquartered in Sydney(IBIS World, 2016). The primary items and administrations offered by the association in Australia incorporate programming projects, cell phones, shopper gadgets, PCs, and convenient media gadgets. The brand has additionally settled its retail locations in regions, for example, Western Australia, New South Wales, Canberra, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and so on. The business wherein Apple Inc. is working is customer electronic industry. It tends to be communicated that at present, the buyer electronic market of Australia is at declining stage. Likewise, it has gotten trying for the associations to keep up the enthusiasm of individuals inside the industry(Kane, Palmer, Phillips, Kiron, Buckley, 2015). The interest for items and administrations offered by driving brands is declining, and these organizations are confronting issues with respect to expanding their volume of deals and benefit in Australia(EuroMonitor International, 2016). In the buyer gadgets industry of Australia, Apple Inc. is confronting exceptional rivalry from the brands, for example, Samsung Electronics Australia Pty Ltd, Lenovo Pty Ltd, and Hewlett-Packard Australia Pty Ltd, and so on. The Australian shopper electronic industry has arrived at stages, for example, development and immersion. It implies that the opposition among existing business sector players in the part is exceptionally extraordinary. Further, it is presently required by brands, for example, Apple, Samsung, and Lenovo to decrease the cost of their items and administrations to draw in more customers(Strauss, 2016). The business is additionally getting influenced by the Free Trade Agreement among China and Australia. It tends to be expressed that the understanding has brought about the value war the same number of Chinese items offering same highlights at low costs have entered the market. Unexpectedly, the web retailing has kept on developing in spite of the way that the general development pace of the business is declining. To continue in the commercial center, it is required by Apple Inc. to create items and administrations which are profoundly inventive. The method of reasoning behind this is development will bolster the brand in completing separation. What's more, imaginative items will likewise bring about giving the upper hand to the chose business enterprise(Babin Zikmund, 2015). Nonetheless, it very well may be basically contended that even on the phase of the extreme rivalry, a few organizations have seen positive development in the buyer electronic market of Australia. For instance, brand, for example, Apple and Cannon has obtained satisfactory development rate in the year 2016. On the opposite side of this, the tablet advertise in the nation has encountered the decrease in the interest and accordingly, deals and incomes of numerous organizations have been influenced by the equivalent. The net deals of Apple Inc. have declined, however the brand can accomplish satisfactory development by selling abundant volume of its costly Smartphone(West, Ford, Ibrahim, 2015). The deals of brands, for example, Philips was practically steady in the business and simultaneously organizations, for example, Sony enterprise has figured out how to accomplish 5% expansion in its business volume. Pestle examinations It tends to be communicated that the activities and strategic approaches of organizations in buyer electronic market are legitimately influenced by full scale condition factors existing in the nation. At the hour of doing its exercises, a business, for example, Apple Inc. is affected by political factors, for example, changing government approaches and duty rates(Scott, 2015). At present, the world of politics of Australia is steady and hence, organizations can complete a smooth progression of every one of their tasks. Further, political understandings, for example, Free Trade Agreement among China and Australia have additionally decidedly influenced the activities of Apple. In the principal quarter of 2017, the economy has extended by 0.3%, and in the year 2016, the economy has developed by 2.5% which is very good(FocusEconomics, 2017). It very well may be communicated that satisfactory financial development has by one way or another helped organizations in the customer gadgets industry to keep up their deals and productivity. In any case, social elements have antagonistically influenced the interest for items and administrations offered by the organizations. These days, purchasers in the business are very little keen on purchasing the current items offered by organizations in Australia, and they need something new and creative. The consequence of this is numerous organizations can't accomplish the normal development rate and simultaneously the interest additionally declined. Full scale ecological factors, for example, innovation have decidedly influenced the whole business. The adaption of new and redesigned innovation has helped organizations in the business to serve clients with increasingly imaginative and agreeable products(Blakeman, 2014). Then again, the association's practices and arrangements are additionally influenced by components, for example, lawful. It is required by organizations to keep all the principles and guidelines created by Australia carefully. Moreover, organizations are likewise limited to utilize out of line practices and do war cost inside the business. At the hour of directing tasks in the business, it is likewise required by associations to guarantee that exercises don't antagonistically influence the earth. The administration and other administrative specialists are tough and power organizations to embrace reasonable practices. The effect of this is association, for example, the Apple Inc. is required to complete certain adj ustments in its current practices, and this has brought about expanding the general operational cost(Montgomerie Roscoe, 2013). 2.Major Market Segments (Stp) The market for organizations can be comprehensively characterized into two general classifications which are business markets and purchasers markets. Further, business markets comprise of gatherings and people who buy items and administrations from organizations with a goal to resale them or to deliver other products(Chaston, 2015). On the opposite side of this, shopper markets comprise of individuals and gatherings who buy the products, administrations for doing a definitive utilization of the equivalent. Market division can be named as the way toward isolating the whole market into various subsets of the client with comparable interest, needs, and qualities. Essential and auxiliary markets With regards to Apple Inc., it tends to be attested that the brand has two diverse market portions which are essential and optional. The significant market portion incorporates people and gatherings which buy the items and administrations for their end shoppers. Then again, the optional market portion of Apple Inc. incorporates retailers and people who purchase the products and ventures from the organization and resale the equivalent to end clients. The procedure of market division is done by various division variables(Parente Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). The key variable incorporates segment, psychographic, social and topographical factors. Here, Apple is utilizing segment factors for doing division of its market in Australia. The organization has partitioned its essential market by segment variable which is pay level. Further, it has focused on individuals who fall into the class of center and higher salary gathering. People who look for keeping up a sumptuous way of life is esse ntially focused on the chosen business endeavor. Working experts and youngsters are additionally remembered for the objective market for Apple, and the brand offers items, for example, I telephone, Mac book, and tablets to these customers(Kumar, Townsend, Vorhies, 2015). The organization has likewise done geographic division of its market, and urban regions of the nation are fundamentally focused by Apple Inc. With respect to target showcase, the brand centers around focusing on retail locations, shops working at little, medium and enormous scope. These organizations purchase items from Apple and resale them by keeping some overall revenue. Inclusion of essential market in associations dynamic It tends to be communicated that the essential market for Apple assumes a urgent job in the general dynamic. In the current situation, the opposition among organizations working in the customer gadgets industry of Australia has gotten profoundly serious. The consequence of this is organizations are required to do changes in their current items and administrations offering at standard interims. Aside from this, choices

Themes and Issues in American History 1492-1789 - Free Essay Example

Themes and Issues in American History September 27, 2006 1492-1789 The Indians were a hospitable and sharing race and sharing was part and parcel of their culture. They were not influenced by the frenzy of the day, capitalism and feudalism. Columbus was motivated by his quest for gold to pay his backers. Gold was the new currency of the day, better than land because it could buy anything. After the wholesale slaughter of the Indians with no gold to show for it, Columbus and the Spaniards sought slaves under the premise that it was Christian like to do so. Slave labor and cruelty allowed millions of Indians to die between 1494 and 1508. It is amazing how cruel the Spaniards were and how docile and civilized the Indians were. Yet, we honor Columbus as a hero and adventurer. Columbus Day is dripping in blood of an innocent peaceful people. The early English settlements were also rife with terrorism of the Indian population. They looked for any small infraction by the Indians in order to severely punish the entire population and then would confiscate land and treasure. It reminded me that war throughout all the ages from Columbus to the present has been fought for reasons far and above the inconsequential initial grievance. Hitler and Poland, Israel and Lebanon, US and Iraq are all examples. As in the Spanish conquest, all the gold and blood did not change Spain’s ranking in the world. The Indian civilization was in fact much greater developed than the European civilization of its day. They had peace, prosperity, and development. Had their people been left alone without the European influence of slaughter, enslavement, and disease it might well have been the utopian society of its day. Who were the real savages and why to this day are the â€Å"Indians† still portrayed as primitive beings? Were the Incas, Mayans, Iroquois, Mohawk and other descendants of the great Bering Sea trek any less celebrated than the great civilizations in history, the Greeks or Romans? The Virginians of 1619 were desperate for labor in order to grow enough food to stay alive and tobacco for export. Hunger was so prevalent that many colonists reverted to cannibalism. They couldn’t force the Indians to work for they were outnumbered and the Indians were tough and resourceful. White servants were not brought over in sufficient quantities to matter and after a period of time their contract of work would expire. The free white settlers, many who were craftsman and men of leisure were little inclined to work the land. In fact John Smith in the earliest settlements had to resort to a kind of martial law to force them to work the fields for survival. It was probably the first utterance to what would become the mantra of the 20th century, â€Å"it’s not my job. † Edmond Morgan in his book American Slavery, American Freedom summed up the narrow mindedness of the early settlers feeling of superiority over the â€Å"savages† of the land; that they were capable of inflicting much terror on the Indian population which proved their superiority, however they couldn’t hunt or grow corn to survive. Black slaves were the answer. By 1619 over 1,000,000 blacks had already been brought from Africa to South America and the Caribbean to work the Spanish and Portuguese colonies. Fifty years before Columbus the Portuguese took African blacks to Lisbon which was the start of the regular trade in slaves. Once again it was the superior European methods in cruelty that enabled them to conquer a civilization that was their equal in both societal and evolutionary practices. It was easier to make Africans slaves as they were far from home, exposed to immense cruelty, and generation after generation were raised to believe their in-superiority through racial hatred and the color line where white was master and black was slave. American slavery and cruelty was fed by the frenzy of profit to be made from capitalistic agriculture. By 1800 between 10 to 15 million blacks had been transported to America. It is also estimated that Africa lost 50 million people to death and slavery in those centuries we call the beginning of modern civilization. It took physiological and physical methods to keep the slaves from revolting. They included racism based on color, cruel discipline, the break up of the slave family, and the creation of discrimination through the creation of a privileged group of slaves by separation of house slaves and field slaves. Also slaves themselves were lulled into submission through religion and the tribal understanding of the rule of law. Fear of rebellion and the joining of poor white servants and settlers with black slaves against the ruling class were rampant in these times. Laws were created that specifically addressed the white and black class line. It enabled the ruling whites of the day to give some respectability to the poor white laborers by making them feel superior in status to blacks and thus allowing slavery to flourish. As the country grew the disparity between the rich and the poor, the slave and the free man continued to grow. In 1676 one hundred years before the American Revolution, Bacons Rebellion showed this tumultuous period of time. The frontiersmen were pushed further west as the prime land along the coast was controlled by the elite. As they were pushed further west they encountered more Indians who were hostile to their land grab. The frontiersmen were an impoverished class resenting the taxation, land rents, and privilege of the ruling class who showed their inability and unwillingness to protect them from the Indians. There was a complex chain of oppression in Virginia. The Indians were plundered by the frontiersman, who were taxed and controlled by the Jamestown elite, who in turn were being exploited by England with the substandard prices being paid for the colonist’s exports and the unfair monopolies of the English merchant seaman. Revolution anyone? But it was the fear of the poor white class servant joining with the black slave that pushed the country to the Revolutionary War of 1776. As more and more people of white heritage came as servants, the exploitation by the ruling class became more vicious. In the 1600’s and 1700’s many poor European whites were coerced to come to the new world with promises, and lies, kidnapping and forced exile. Once they arrived they were treated no better than slaves and were forced into unreasonable contracts of servitude. The ruling government of the time sided with the wealthy elite who they themselves were part and parcel of. Escape was easier than rebellion so laws were enacted and mechanisms for control were put in place. It is quite clear that by the 1700’s the distinction between rich and poor became sharper. In New York State alone Gov. Ben Fletcher gave ? of the land to 30 people. The colonies were growing fast in the 1700’s. The population of 250,000 in 1760 was 1,600,000 by 1770. Those were boom times for the big cities as manufacturing, agriculture, shipping and trade were expanded. The common working class was continuing to be taxed and oppressed and there were frequent outbreaks of disorder. The problem of control became more serious. Many poor frontiersman ran away to join Indian tribes never to return preferring the freedom and fairness of the Indian culture. It became increasingly important to enact laws and to create instances that kept the Indians and the blacks in check by following a policy of aversion between the two races. Black slaves would be instructed to fight and kill Indians and Indians would capture run away slaves and return them for payment. The policy of racism was introduced to keep the poor whites from joining with the Negro slaves. Interracial children were ostracized from society and interracial relationships punished and scorned. The birth of the middle class in America by the early 1700’s was fueled by the growth of the colonial cities. The ruling elite protected the skilled white worker from competition from the Negro slave. This enabled a class of skilled, semi literate white people to prosper and to form a buffer between the poor white and the black slave. It also gave â€Å"hope† to the poor whites that they too could be part of this elite class. This bought loyalty and hope. The language of the ruling class of liberty and equality gave birth to the desire and purpose of fighting a war of revolution against England without ending slavery or inequality. To control rebellion, take over land, profits, and political power from the elite of the British Empire, it became the desire of the ruling elite of the colonies to initiate the revolutionary war. By creating a nation, a symbol of national unity, they showed future generations of leaders the advantages of combining paternalism with command. After 1763 with Britain victorious over France in the French and Indian War, it left only the English and the Indians between the aspirations and desires of the colonial ruling elite. As the British increasingly created treaties and agreements with the Indians it became apparent that the British would be the blunt of the revolutionary nature of the people of the day. With the increasingly provocative taxes forced on the colonist to pay for the kings follies it was easy thus to mobilize the lower class energy by upper class politics. The grievances were real. There is much symbolism with today’s manipulation of WW1, WW2, and the war in Iraq. Boston was full of class anger in 1763, and the local tradesman wanted open air meetings where the population could participate in making policy (regardless of land ownership) on more equitable taxes, price gouging, and the election of ordinary people to government post. The rich of the late 1700’s were aware of the tendency of the poor people to side with the British against them so they adopted policies of appeasements. They organized powerful unions, regulators (1760) and orators to take the case for independence to the countryside. They needed to exercise extreme caution as in their desire to install revolution against Britain that they did not empower the people to overthrow and destroy the property and class distinction of the rich. So people such as Samuel Adams advised â€Å"No mobs-No confusion-No tumult. † They used the friction of quartering the British troops and their taking of the colonist jobs as flash points. The elite ruling colonials exposed unity with their common brethren against the tyranny of the British by the using powerful orators and pamphlets such as Thomas Paines, Common Sense. Each harsher measure of British control escalated the colonial rebellion to the point of revolution. Finally in 1774 the setting up of the Continental Congress ( a illegal body) leading to the clash at Lexington and Concord in April of 1775, led to a vote of separation and organization of a committee to draw up the Declaration of Independence. Adopted by Congress July 2 and proclaimed July 4, 1776, the Declaration was a tool to mobilize certain groups of Americans and ignoring others, to a cause. Government manipulation continues to this day through such tools as â€Å"spin†. The call to arms from the town hall in Boston to all men to show up for military service with all its flaming radical language ignored the fact that the rich hired â€Å"substitutes† to serve in their place. This inequality continued to shape the revolution and its aftermath.

A Report From The International Business Machines Corporation

According to a report from The International Business Machines Corporation, known as IBM, 90% of the data in the world has been generated in the last two years. Frank J. Ohlhorst (2013) explains how the concept of collecting data for use in business is not new, but the scale of data that has been collected recently is so large that it has been termed Big Data (p. 1). Company executives who choose to ignore Big Data are denying their companies an advantage over their competitors. Big Data analysis is fundamental for all fields of work; it provides an insight to large amounts of data that will answer questions and make discoveries to improve efficiency in all areas of the world. In the economic world, factors of production include land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. Companies consider these four components necessary for success, but in order to survive in today’s competitive field a fifth factor must be considered: information. Information provides both a responsibility and an opportunity. It is collected and then studied in a process called data analysis. Data analysis is defined by Frank J. Ohlhorst (2013) as â€Å"a way to develop intelligence that can drive decisions, find relationships, solve problems, and increase profits, productivity, and even the quality of life† (p. ix). Data analysis discovers masses of information and facts hidden in large amounts of unstructured data. The world is gaining an enormous amount of valuable and useful intelligence thorough the dataShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A Company1177 Words   |  5 PagesThey serves many kinds of product that changing our and our world. I am writing a report about a n IT related Company. The Intention of this report is artistic plans in company and how they achieved their goals. To achieve this goals they give many benefits to their employees to motivate them. Also they give priority to their clients demand. 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The myth of the continents A critique of metageography-...

The myth of the continents: A critique of metageography- Martin W. Lewis and Kà ¤ren E. Wigen’ In trying to summarize this piece of writing, I have tried to talk about what stood out to me, all quotations used for emphasis are from The myth of the continents: A critique of metageography (University of California Press: 1997). The very first thing we are taught about how the world is divided- before classifying it as first, second and third world or even simply North, East, West and South- is that it is divided into different continents. These different continents are then associated with different problems, cultures, and histories amoung other things. This then makes it possible for people from different continents to be distinctive†¦show more content†¦Southeast Asia for example was only identified because it was â€Å"a suitable geographical platform for military strategists.† There are not many characteristics that are unique to that part of the world. Considering the agricultural patterns for example, they are the same patterns found in southern China and central Madagascar to name a few. There is no concrete way to define landmasses based on environmental criteria since there are many different, unrelated areas with the same environmental conditions. Southwest Asia and North Africa is another example of this. There is no single conventional way in which the world is divided. Different Geographers focus on different parts of the world, while others cannot seem to agree where some regions start and end. â€Å"For one author the ‘Middle East’ stretches all the way from Morocco to Afghanistan; for another, it begins only at the Nile Valle; for a third, it might dip southward to encompass, sub-Saharan Somalia.† There are no definite natural separations between continents and it would therefore it would be contradictory to insist on consistent regional separations. The way continents and world regions in general end up being divided creates distortion of different information. A country like Sudan is often considered to be in the Middle East even though part of it is in Sub-Saharan Africa, in failing to divide countries in

Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison. A Reflection on the Panopticon free essay sample

Since Michel Foucaults 1975 book Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison was published, it has been met with many criticisms due to the sociologists views on an array of subjects. Foucault contends that panopticism, more specifically the Panopticon, is the ideal form of discipline within the prison institution because it creates a setting in which the inmates subject themselves to real or perceived guards and surveillance. After careful analysis of Foucaults text, 3 questions, the focal point of the present text, are proposed. First, how should prison guards respond in a circumstance when inmates do not act in accordance with the expected self-policing, docile behaviour that was hypothesized by Foucault? Next, does Foucault take the neglect of self-supervised workers into consideration? Third, can perceived self-control and paranoia be considered to be effective tools when attempting to reintegrate inmates into general society? It is my contention that although Foucault makes interesting points from a theoretical point of view, these hypotheses are not ready for practical application. According to Foucauldian theory, the mere architectural structure of the Panopticon, 1 dark tower, centering the surrounding prison cells should trigger a mental response in each prisoner causing them to feel as though they are constantly being watched. Continual observation according to Foucault creates a sequential string of good behaviour, when this behaviour is reproduced over a given amount of time, it is assumed to become permanent part of an inmates psyche, eventually being internalized to the point where inmates can be reintegrated back into society. That being said, the opposite is also a very real possibility. A prisoner can easily assume he is not being watched, leaving him to act almost entirely out of free will. If this same inmates actions of free will are not met with consequences, one can safely assume that his potentially unsupervised behaviour may be repeated. Taken one step further, this inmate may orchestrate an escape, obtain access to other inmates and insight a prison riot. In the event that the inmate is once again apprehended, he is now fully aware that he is not under constant supervision, hence allowing for repeated attempts to escape, arouse a revolt in others and exact revenge on guards. Furthermore, the physical structure of the panopticon seems to favour the inmates, allowing them to potentially surround descend on the guards. In strictly theoretical terms, the panopticon is pragmatic because of its all-seeing eye approach. In terms of practical application, the panopticon is much less interesting because Foucault takes for granted the fact that any given inmate may not be as easily influenced or willing to cooperate with potential prison authority as others should be. Economy and negligence are also tied into Michel Foucaults view of the Panopticon. From the guards point of view, theyre fully aware that the inmates have no concrete way of knowing whether they are being supervised or not. In theory, the central panoptic guard tower could be entirely without prison guards. Should the central prison tower/inmates be left unattended without consequence only one time, this may give way to a string of continual negligent acts on the part of the prison guards. The very definition of the term panopticism entails the few overlooking the many. When taken to the extreme, this definition in literal terms becomes an entire body of people left entirely to themselves. Admittedly, the occasion for an entire prison population to be left unsupervised should never arise. However, it is not entirely implausible to envision a situation where a prison guard or group of guards, knowing the contents of their centralized guard tower to be completely unknown to the prisoners would decide to leave the prison to supervise itself. Yet another very extreme turn of events could see one prisoner escape the confines of his cell, release the others due to his lack of supervision and within a moments notice, an entire prison population may be exiting the front gates of a prison. These hypothetical events could have effects on the psyche, physical safety and emotional safety of many civilians. Once again, the mystery that lays in the central guard tower has a significant downside when speaking of practical application. On a final note, the Panopticon puts an increased amount of pressure on a small number of guards to maintain control over a large number of potentially dangerous criminals. The thought of being physically surrounded and not having the strategic advantage in terms of having more guards than inmates is unsettling to say the very least. Prisons are totalitarian institutions. Speaking in general terms, prisons take criminals in, aim to break their criminal spirit and reconstruct their inmates in a societally acceptable fashion. Foucaults approach to the prison system fails most in this respect. The panopticons structure is set up in such a way that little to no contact is made with any other inmates. That being said, a part of the rebuilding process in a prison is the inmates being given a chance, granted a very controlled one, to be socialized once again. The potential for this second socialization process is eradicated in the Panopticon format of a prison. Also, the fact that inmates would be left to monitor themselves is likely the furthest thing from a real life outside of prison circumstance. In day to day settings, people are asked to consider a great deal of authorities in varying forms, such as police officers, employers while on the job, security guards, civil servants and the like. Essentially, burdening inmates with the task of policing themselves may do more harm than good once they are reintroduced to society. Without being coached or trained on how to correct the impulses or problems that caused them to go to prison in the first place, it is more than likely that these same criminals will engage in the same if not similar acts that instigated their initial incarceration. From this point of view, panopticism when narrowed down to a prison population, may be more of a detriment to society than an aid. When extrapolated onto larger scales, panopticism as a whole is definitely not the best ideal to strive for. Power should be more evenly distributed to a larger part of the population until it accounts for the majority of the population and not only a specialized or select few. Michel Foucaults Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison was a pointed analysis of Western society and its penal system. Although Foucaults worked is based on France, it is readily applicable to a number of other Western countries that have reached similar points in civilization. Throughout his critical observation of the French judicial and prison system Foucault comes to describe the Panopticon. Foucaults presentation of the Panopticon seems sound at first, but upon further analysis several viable critiques have been made. Most of the criticism however targets panopticism and not the architectural structure that gave way to the concept of a similar name, the Panopticon. The following questions are proposed after reading Foucaults text; how should prison guards respond in a circumstance when inmates do not act in accordance with the expected self-policing, docile behaviour that was hypothesized by Foucault, does Foucault take the neglect of self-supervised workers into consideration and finally, can perceived self-control and paranoia be considered to be effective tools when attempting to reintegrate inmates into general society? The mere presence of these questions points to gaps in Foucaults hypothesis, added to the fact that Foucault himself admitted that some of his ideas related to the Discipline and Punish: Birth of a Prison book were a bit extreme, this helps confirm that some of his ideas regarding the Panopticon were in fact better suited to theory than practical application.

Linked Data Pathways To Wisdom

Linked Data Pathways To Wisdom Knowledge is knowing that tomatoes are fruits; wisdom is knowing not to put them in fruit salads.So said the late British columnist Miles Kington. What’s knowledge and what’s wisdom in the information age? How can we leverage information to create knowledge and then scale that knowledge up to the wisdom of smart decisions and actions?Up to The PeakThe path to wisdom begins at the data campsite, winds up the mountain of information and knowledge and finally reaches the wisdom peak, which gives climbers a clear view of the area around them.Going up the slope requires taking steps to turn data into information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom. In the information age, creating links between data, inferring new knowledge out of existing facts and applying predictive models and taking data-backed business decisions is crucial for organizations.Linked Data  and Semantic Technology help us do that by smoothly integrating heterogeneous data from various s ources and applying universal standards for usage. Semantic technology, the semantic graph database (also known as RDF triplestore) in particular, is able to infer new relationships out of existing facts, giving context and meaning to the links from many disparate sources.Having obtained that new knowledge, organizations gain a competitive advantage and support business decisions with facts, which their semantic graph database has revealed to them. Now let’s break the DIKW (Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom) hierarchy down to its building blocks and follow the scaling up to the wisdom peak step by step.DataData is our base building block and the starting point of every wisdom value chain. Data represents the raw sources and resources, facts expressing the world around us in the form of words, numbers, signs and signals. Data loads and datasets are enormous and most disparate and unstructured. They are surely valuable, being the primary resource but what’s more valuable is their analysis, processing and linking. InformationThat leads us to information: the processed and analyzed data that adds meaning to datasets. For example, enlisting Google’s closing prices on the stock market in the past ten trading days is data. Drawing a chart to show the trend in Google’s stock market price of the past ten days is information.At this second building block of our pyramid, Linked Data helps organizations get a clearer picture of their data. This allows them to easily store, search and retrieve the information they need. KnowledgeThe storage and use of Linked Data and Linked Open Data (LOD) are being done in a graph database where inference is applied in order to create knowledge by revealing hidden relationships, which were not included in the original dataset.For example, if the original dataset contains the statement ‘Flipper is a dolphin’ and an ontology defines the concept ‘every dolphin is also a mammal’, semantic technology ‘learns’ to make that connection which has been logical only to humans and thus discovers the relationship ‘Flipper is a mammal’, which was not in the original dataset.Extracting knowledge moves us up the value chain of data and information. The organizations that gain new insights out of their datasets and out of Linked Open Data are a little further up the path towards the wisdom peak than enterprises that rely on just crunching the numbers. WisdomOnce organizations have gained insights, they have more resources and options to make data-driven decisions and employ predictive models proactively. Here, we’ve reached the wisdom peak. Whereas data and information are gathering and learning, a kind of look to the past, knowledge and wisdom are associated with ‘doing now’ and a look to the future. Click To TweetKnowledge, in terms of Linked Data and Semantic Technology, is creating meaningful connections, which the competitors may not have. Wisdom is determining what outcome a decision based on that knowledge may have and what value it would add to the business. Wisdom for the Greater GoodSmart cities using and promoting Open Data are an example of wisdom for the greater good. Opening up city datasets boosts public services efficiency and increases transparency and citizen control. Giving users and developers the opportunity to work with Open Data creates new business models and spurs innovation, thus adding value to the knowledge economy.For instance, Transport for London has released Open Data for developers to use in their own software and services. TfL is encouraging developers to use the feeds, and they have, creating hundreds of apps, including such as for Tube travel news updated every minute or personalized journey planning tools for public transport.The New York City Fire Department uses a predictive analytics model to track which NYC buildings are at the highest risk of fire. The smart analytics model creates scores for buildings based on an algorithm of around 60 factors – including the age of a building, electrical issues, the number of sprinklers and the presence of elevators. Based on the score, the NYC Fire Department targets inspections to buildings with the highest risk of fire.What is BestTo sum it up, we can say that data and information answer the questions of   ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘where’. As we go up the mountain of wisdom, context and understanding increase. Knowledge holds the answer to the ‘why’ question, while wisdom is about ‘how to’, ‘what comes next’ and ‘what is best’.So, you’ve learned that tomato is a type of fruit because of its characteristics of a plant but you predict it will not go well with bananas and apples in a fruit salad.Applied to business in the information age, the analogy goes like this: We’ve had the facts, weve crunched the numbers, weve created links and inferred new knowledge and, therefore, we have a vision for an action that will be adv antageous for the future.Want to turn your data into insights that would help your business grow and evolve together with the fast changing world around you?

Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing

Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abstract/Summary Emirates Airline is currently the largest airline company in the Middle East. This company was founded in the year 1985 (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012). The company is the â€Å"flagship and national airline of Dubai, United Arab Emirates† (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012, p.1). It is based outside the Dubai International Airport. Emirates Airline Company undertakes the operation of the four known longest flights across the globe and has â€Å"the largest order of A380 aircrafts† (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012). In the present day, this airline has more than one hundred destinations in over seventy nations across the world and has a fleet of over one hundred and eighty aircrafts (â€Å"The Emirates Story†, 2012). The company has been realizing constant expansion of its network even if it is fully owned by the state. Its growth has been realized through competition and not through state protection (â€Å"Emirates Airline Profile†, 2012). The company has been engaging in competition with the constantly increasing number of international airlines which capitalize on the â€Å"open-skies† policy that Dubai has put in place (â€Å"The Emirates Story†, 2012). The company’s success can be attributed to its effective marketing that enables it to win the competitive advantage and make profits (â€Å"The Emirates Story†, 2012). Putting place effective marketing strategies and methods have enabled the Emirates Airline Company to be very successful in the global market. Although the company has not been in business for a long time like most of its competitors, it has witnessed constant growth which has enabled it to become the leading airline in the Middle East and having destination s in all the continents of the world. Beginning from the time the company started its operations, it has been working hard to improve on its marketing in order to gain a higher market share.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has been using its innovative power to come up with the best marketing strategies that have enabled it to grow. However, with the ever advancing technology and coming up of new challenges with each coming day, there is need for the company to continue being innovative and keep on improving its marketing strategies to ensure they become the world’s leading airline and be able to remain at the top. This research will aim at identifying any loopholes that may be in the marketing methods and strategies that have been put in place by Emirates Airline and how to bridge them. Bridging these loopholes or gaps in the strategies will enable this company to improve its performance beyond the present state in order to meet the ever increasing challenges in the market. Relevant objectives as well as research objectives have been set up in this proposal which will serve to guide this research project. Objectives To investigate the Emirates airline’s advertisement and marketing methods and strategies that enable it to gain competitive advantages. To examine how Emirate Airline’s marketing affects its global success. To identify the marketing changes that have occured in the company beginning from the time the company was established to the present. Project Outcomes Emirates Airline Advertisements and Marketing Methods and Strategies It has been found out that this company engages in aggressive advertisement in order to increase its market share (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). As a way to realize customer attraction to the highest level possible, the company advertises itself by u sing a number of slogans. The strategies employed by this company are aimed at ensuring that there has been exploitation of a number of issues concerning the business environment. Among these company’s branding slogans has been â€Å"Fly Emirates†. Emirates Airline Company has been offered a quite unique environment to market its business operations by Dubai. Some of the other slogans that have been used by the company in the course of time include â€Å"’the Finest in the Sky’, ‘Be Good to Yourself by Fly Emirates’, Fly Emirates – Keep Flying’, and ‘When was the last time you did something for yourself’† (Kumar 2012, p.1). Basing on the researches that have been conducted in the past about the use of the slogans by business organizations, it has been found out that some of the slogans used contribute quite positively towards the business performance by these organizations (Marketing strategy and customer sat isfaction, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategies of Emirates Airlines Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is pointed out that customers tend to abide by business slogans which seem to point out or deal with the needs that the company can meet (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). In the course of time, the Emirates Airline Company has been using the business slogans to hit back at other slogans used by the competitors which had exhibited themselves as being the best airline companies. Such business slogans as â€Å"’Be Good to yourself’ and ‘when was the last time you did something for yourself’ by the Emirates Airline ensure that customers feel treasured and cared for† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). Just like most other airlines, Emirate Airline has engaged in diversifying the operations it carries out in various industries that are related. This approach has been used by the company in order to make sure that there is capitalizing on any other potential opportunity. It is reported that, in the past this company has utilized the â€Å"Flex-tracks program† with an intention of planning and fully optimizing the efficiency of a number of business routes as well as load factor (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). According to other reports, it has been found out that another strategy used by this company is the utilization of what is referred to as â€Å"tailored arrivals† and this strategy has been employed in putting the uplinks to aircrafts on route under control 9 Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). For airline companies to bring up the level of their efficiencies of their operations, most of them in different parts of the world bring down the level of costs by making use of aircrafts like Boeing 777-3000ER. Such an aircraft makes use of one en gine â€Å"to taxi aircraft engine thus increasing the efficiency of the whole process† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is true to point out that the Emirates Airline Company has actually been able to put itself in a quite strategic position within the industry. The constant flourishing of the business market in Dubai and this nation’s constant cooperation with the rest of the world has gone on contributing towards Emirates airline’s improved performance. However, according to the researches that have been conducted, it has been clear that customer satisfaction levels in a large number of the airline companies have remained low (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). As a result of this, customers across the world have turned out to be â€Å"switchers†; moving their loyalties from one company to the other, on a constant basis. They move with a hope that they would possibly come across an honest company that they could trust. In the airlines industry, customer satisfaction involves making sure that the clients are given the services about which they have expectati ons of obtaining from the company on the basis of the price they pay for these services. This also involves making sure that clients arrive at their respective destinations via the shortest route available in the shortest time and at a minimum cost possible. Emirates Airline has been making efforts to capitalize on the existing opportunities and this company has been doing this by ensuring that it positions itself as the excellent global carrier since this airline by-passes some of the well-known hubs as it moves to various other destinations across the world (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012) Another strategy that can be employed in order to realize customer satisfaction has involved finding out from the customers in a direct manner in order to be in a position of getting to know what the actual needs of these customers may be. The use of technology has as well been implemented to a high level to make sure there is integration of the needs of the customers into th e business operations in the shortest time and at a lowest cost possible (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). A number of measures have been taken to make sure that there is receiving by the company’s management of the feedbacks that are given by the clients. These feedbacks may be in line with a number of issues that arise in the company which may be linked to the customer satisfaction either in a direct manner or an indirect one (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). As another strategy, this company engaged in launching a global campaign referred to as â€Å"Kids Go for Free† which has been very successful. Under this campaign the two parents can travel with two kids who are below the age 16 years without paying for them. A discount is also given to these families at the biggest shopping malls within Dubai (Emirates Airline, 2010). From this initiative, it can be seen that children are turning out to be most vital client groups i n a number of industries. It is reported that the â€Å"Kids Go Free† promotion was quite successful in 2009 and served to attract more than twenty thousand travelers originating from seventy countries having Dubai as their destination. Basing on a particular survey in relation to this campaign, it was found that â€Å"the average family of four from Europe could save as much as 3000 pounds by taking advantage of the offer† (Bundhun, 2010). Other than the campaign enabling this company to increase its profitability, it also enabled the families to save large amounts of money. It is reported that, it was not only Emirates Airline that had knowledge about how important the kids market can be but an increasing number of companies also engaged in launching this campaign in order to increase their performance level as well the â€Å"customer awareness index† (McNeal, 1999). The campaign served in assisting Emirates Airline specifically and Dubai in general, to distin guish themselves as â€Å"cost-competitive alternative to other destinations† (Kotler, Bowen, Makens, 2010). This promotion left a great impact in that the companies in the airlines industry came to a realization of the way to utilize the products of kids in order to draw the attention of families and give encouragement to the parents to engage in purchasing. This campaign is healthy for the domestic tourism and in the year 2008, it made a direct contribution of nineteen percent to the GDP of Dubai (Bundhun, 2010). How Emirates Airline Marketing affects their Global Success Over eight hundred Emirates aircrafts leave Dubai every week to other destinations across the world (Calleja, 2009). It is reported that this company’s flight form about forty percent of the total number of flight movements from and into Dubai and at some point, the Emirates Airline, was targeting to bring up their market share to about seventy percent by the year 2010 without having to compromise their standing for quality (Calleja, 2009, p.3). It is also important to point out that value creation and goal achievement are very vital strategic principles in the process of globalization. This company has been constantly undertaking its operation with an aim of making their services better in the global market. In the recent past, this company realized a fresh milestone as â€Å"it touched down to vibrant beats of African drums at Cape Town – its 100th global destination in South Africa and also launched a new service to Brazil; a daily non-stop Dubai-Sao Paulo operation effective 1st July 2008† (Travel Daily News, 2008, p.1). According to Calleja (2009), â€Å"attracting customers is the major strategic global principle†( p.3). This company has all the time been seeking fresh ways to innovate. The company engaged in opening innovative lounge at the â€Å"Brisbane International Airport† thus â€Å"unveiling the facility that offers a stunning 360 de gree view and is the first airline lounge in Australia capable of boarding passengers directly to the aircraft, including the upper deck of the Airbus A380† (Travel Daily News,2008, p.1). This brings in convenience to the clients and therefore it is a great achievement especially in regard to offering quality and superior value attainment by the customers in comparison with other companies in the industry. In its marketing, Emirates Airline has also used what is referred to as â€Å"global aviation strategy† (Calleja, 2009, p.3). This marketing strategy has enabled the company to achieve success in the global market. In the course of the last one and a half decades, the â€Å"Dubai International Airport† has immensely grown to become among the greatest hubs in the global aviation. The strategy has been employed by the Emirates Airline Company basing on the fact that â€Å"its planes can reach any point on the globe nonstop from Dubai and can connect any two city pairs with just one stop in the Middle East† (International Herald Tribune, 2007, p.1). This company is reported to be having a geographic advantage over all other companies in the industry and â€Å"within eight thousand miles, they can reach something like 80% of the world† (Calleja, 2009, p.3). Marketing Changes in Emirates Airline Company from its Establishment until Now There has been integration of a number of strategies in this company’s marketing strategies in the course of time (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). There is a great correlation between marketing concepts within the airline industry and the marketing strategies which are chiefly utilized in such other industries as the hotel industry and tourism among others across the world. Just recently, Emirates Airline flourished after making sure the focus of their services is put on the â€Å"target market† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). It is repo rted that at the time the year 2000 was ending, this company had plans to come up with a â€Å"very ultra-long-haul service† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). The plan for this service is that it be situated in the â€Å"East coast and the West Coast part of the United States of America† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). There were also plans to have more services in Argentina and Australia. It is also reported that â€Å"Fly Emirates business strategies employed in the recent past have seen the business organization overall output increase and the specific traffic flow rate increase to twenty percent from the year 1999 to the year 2000† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). Seven years ago, in 2005, this company commenced on its operations of the airline to the New York City and this was on a continuous basis. Emirates Airline strategy put in place in this regard enabled the company to comme nce undertaking operation of A340-500 flight to JFK airport. In the course of time, the company has also realized creation of several partnerships with some airlines in the Delter airlines and in the U.S (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). The initiation of such operations was undertaken in 2001.The enhancement of the company’s growth has been realized through implementation of various strategies in the past. By the year 2007, Emirates Airline was able to mark its â€Å"new non-stop air operation services between most of its major destinations† (Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012, p.1). The company has also been able to continuously capture traffic to Southern Asia as well as North America. By the company introducing Airbus A380-800, this served as a great move towards making sure it has a better performance within the business market. The strategy put in place in order to ensure creation of additional space in flights played a bi g role in enabling the company to achieve significantly higher profits resulting from the flights between Bangkok and Dubai 9 Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012). Why the Interest in the Project Considering that there is continued complication as well as competition witnessed in the airline industry, it is important that the marketing methods and strategies that have been and are currently used by the Emirates Airline Company be examined in order for any gaps that are there in these strategies be established and necessary changes which need to be carried out be implemented and submissions of proposals be made to the management. Indeed, this research will be beneficial not only to the Emirates Airline Company but also to the investors into the industry as well as shareholders and stakeholders in making sure that they receive maximum gains from this company. I am also interested in this research project because it will offer very important information that relate to th e present situation of the business market in which airlines carry out their operations. This information that will be obtained will also be helpful in the optimization of real performance of the small as well as big businesses. Questions to be answered What are the Emirates airline’s greatest competitive advantages? What are the biggest challenges that Emirates Airline encounter in their operations both in the local and global market in relation to their marketing strategies? In what ways do the Emirate Airline’s present marketing methods and strategies give a reflection of its future targets within the market? Research Methods The methods that will be used in this research will involve the use of primary data as well as secondary data collection. Considering primary data, this will be dependent of data collection from the company regarding the strategies they use with the objective of winning the competitive advantage through customer satisfaction. The opinion of t he clients and the potential clients will be collected. A number of opinions of various stakeholders will be put into consideration. The administering of questionnaires will play a big role in making sure that the different respondents who might be in different locations and those that cannot be reached physically can still take part in this research. Research design Since the Emirates airline is a multinational company that serves wide array of clients across the globe, it is imperative to note that it has numerous employees and clients from various locations across the globe. Therefore, a suitable research design will be required as part of methodology in order to address this kind of diversity (Creswell 1994, p. 76). Therefore, a well designed and suitable research methodology will have to incorporate a thorough research study in order to understand how employees are motivated at the Emirates Airlines. Therefore, the research design that will be applied will take into considerati on the number of employees in the company and how employees are represented in the company both regionally and continentally. In addition, the research design to be employed will address all the major international airports and offices of the company that can be used to facilitate communication. This kind of information will be useful as part of the research design because it will enhance gathering of primary data and subsequent analyses. Due to the complex nature of the ethical and cultural practices experienced at the Emirates Airlines, a qualitative research design will be utilized in order to map out expenses to be incurred in the process of conducting this research study (Doganis 2002, p.54). Besides, more focus will be laid on the descriptive research method so that the acquired data can be understood. It is important to reiterate that this kind of research design is highly suitable for the study because it gives more emphasis on the much needed information when the actual res earch study will be conducted. In addition, the qualitative approach will be used to carry out the methodology part of this research study. As a matter of fact, there will be a well defined method of collecting data from the field. Data collection Data collection is an integral part when conducting any research study. This study aims to collect the much needed data using various methods. However, the mode of data collection will have to be compatible with the research design that was chosen above (Hiatt Creasey 2003, p.163). Therefore, the aforementioned descriptive research design will employ survey as one of the methods of data collection. The use of survey method in data collection will be made possible through well designed questionnaires. The latter will save both time and expenses needed to collect raw data from the field. Some of the suggested interview questions that will be contained in the questionnaire include: Are you satisfied as an employee at Emirates Airlines? Woul d you move away from the Emirates Airlines if you secure another job opportunity? What are the outstanding attributes of this company? Kindly enlist them. Do you feel like working with Emirates Airlines on every single day? What motivates you at workplace? Primary and Secondary Data Sources That are Intended to Be Used in This Project The primary data collection will involve obtaining information about the strategies that are employed by this company in order to realize customer satisfaction. A direct response from the interviewees through the use of the questionnaires will make it possible for the researcher to formulate, in sufficient manner, a perfect understanding of how efforts geared towards realizing customer satisfaction can be carried out. Moreover, primary data will make it possible for the researcher to be in a position of obtaining the up-to-date information that will assist in comparing between the past data sources and the sources which are the most recent. The second ary data sources will include journals, websites and information in books and sources written on Emirates airline. This information will be very important in the identification of a number of roles that have been played by a number of stakeholders in dealing with all concerns that are linked to different marketing strategies used within the airline industry. There will be availing of a number of issues concerned with the most effective marketing strategies, which have formerly been used and their success patterns through comprehensive studying of the sources which are available, containing the secondary data. Gantt Chart Task Person(s) Responsible Start Date End Date Questionnaire Drafting Researcher (Myself) 01 Oct 10thOct Data Collection Researcher (Myself) 11thOct 18thOct Data Analysis Researcher (Myself) 19stOct 30 Oct Dissertation Writing Researcher (Myself) 01 Nov 10 Nov References Bundhun, R., 2010. Double the â€Å"Kids go free† on holidays to Dubai. Web . Calleja, J., 2009. Global business – case study: Emirates Airline. Web. Emirates Airline Profile, 2012. Web. Creswell, J. W. 1994. Research design: qualitative quantitative approaches, Sage Publications, New York. Doganis, R. 2002. Flying off course: the economics of international airlines, Routledge, New York. Emirates Airline, 2010. Family focus for Dubai and Emirate airline this summer. Web. Hiatt, J. Creasey, T. J. 2003. Change management: the people side of change, Prosci Learning Center, Madison. International Herald Tribune, 2007. As other airline suffer, Emirate Airline prospers. Web. Kotler, P., Bowen, T. B., Makens, C. J., 2010. Marketing for hospitality and tourism, Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey. Kumar, C., 2012. Emirates. Web. Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction, 2012. Web. McNeal, J. U., 1999. The kids market: myths and realities, Paramount Market Publishing, New York. The Emirates Story, 2012. Web. Travel Daily News, 2008. Emirates increases B razil service to daily. Web.

Employment-At-Will Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employment-At-Will Doctrine - Essay Example However, if the matter is personal and not related to business the employer has no cause for firing John. Dismissing John violates "Montana good cause rule" because the employer does not have appropriate reason to fire John since personal issues should be dragged into business. The use of Aristotle theory of Eudaimonism will instil a sense of morality to John and impact on the language he uses with others (Twomey, 2009). The employer should warn John against abuse in order to avoid hurting customers. The employer can dismiss Jim for inciting his colleagues’ to boycott business activities. The public policies protect employees against dismissal for engaging in issues of public interest. Workers are entitled to better pay hence they should express their discontent whenever they feel the employer is acting unfairly (Mader-Clark, 2013). The employer should meet with the employees and discuss the issue of bonuses and commissions and agree on the best rate for both the employees and the organization according to utilitarianism theory. The employer can dismiss Ellen for abusing her bosses. However, statutory exceptions prohibit employers from taking retaliatory action against Ellen hence the employer may face legal charges on retaliatory claim. Employers should show fairness to employees when carrying out promotion of workers. According to rights theory, the employer deserves respect irrespective of their level of education or other issues (Melden, 2008). The employer can dismiss Bill for using the organization’s property for personal gain (Mader-Clark, 2013). However, the statutory protection against such action, hence the employer should warn Bill adequately and threaten to sue him if he continues misusing business property. The employer cannot dismiss the secretaries for their protest against the installation of

International Trade Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Trade Law - Essay Example 1.Based on Trans-Oriented Marine Corp v. Star Trading and Marine , Inc 731 F. Supp.619(SDNY;1990) find, read and brief the Trans-Orient case and answer: : In 1983 Trans-Orient was granted a five-year exclusive agency agreement to represent the Sudan in the United States. Two years later, a military coup deposed the then head of state in the Sudan, declaring a state of emergency and suspending the constitution. A twelve-month transitional military regime followed, which was then replaced by a civilian coalition government. At that time, the name of the country was changed from the Sudan to the Republic of Sudan. In 1989, there was another military coup in which the present military regime overthrew the former civilian administration and suspended the constitution. During 1985, the Sudanese government sent letters advising Trans-Orient that a new agent had been appointed to represent the country in the United States. This termination of Trans-Orient did not provide the one-year termination notice required under the original contract. When Trans-Orient filed a breach of contract suit, the present Sudanese government asserted that it was not liable for the contractual obligations of the prior sovereign. Trans-Orient responded that neither the 1985 regime nor the present regime was a successor state, but that they represented mere changes in government which did not relieve them from the prior government's contractual obligations.

Sunflowers by Vincent Essay Example for Free

Sunflowers by Vincent Essay Van Goghs Sunflowers are among his most famous paintings, but few realize that many sunflower pictures, not only the most famous Vase with Twelve Sunflowers and Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers. These were canvases he decorate the Yellow House in Arles in anticipation of the visit of his friend Paul Gauguin, and hope that others will follow him and form a utopianArt community. Some of the paintings of Vincents sunflower seeds are all but indistinguishable, with only minor differences in playback show is different. During his stay in Paris, he cut the sunflowers in various stages of Green be dry to dry. It seems to put his passion for sunflower seeds with him from his home in Holland, where he walked, and even make the kind of dramatic subjects, whom he loved. In the world today is the sunflowersynonymous with the work of Vincent, instantly recognizable and just as much right as the water lilies, Monet belongs. Vincent Sunflowers No. 2, the most famous still life sunflower, yellow to yellow, has the same universal appeal and impact of all his favorite images. So common is the appointment of a sunflower in fact, that in 1987 a Japanese company paid a record equivalent to almost $ 40 million for Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers at an auction. Van Goghs sunflowers are thrown many screens around the world to witness his mastery, residing in Europe, London and Tokyo, to name a few galleries now. During his stay in Paris, Vincent familiar with some of the greatest painters of the impressionist period. The artists all had a great influence on each other, even Van Gogh and the other was identified as a powerful genius of Les Vingt, Monet and Toulouse-Lautrec. You can easily see Sunflowers, Paris, where Vincent painted later in the yellow house in Arles, because they are cut flowers without a vase. This cut sunflowers are shown in various stages of drying, but the final color palette of Vincent bright and bold, is indicated at this point in his artistic journey through the images of life and joy. The influence of the master of Western art and artists can not be overstated. His work bridge impressionism, expressionism, cubism, and more with a singleLanguage understood by all lovers of beauty and truth. The huge popularity of a vase of sunflowers is the test its strength and sincerity. Although Vincent was suffering from a serious mental imbalance and eventually took his life that left a corpus of more than 2,000 screens in about a decade, depicted as a living heritage. Whether you are his descriptions of fields of wheat and stars swirling life, tender and thoughtful portraits of peasants, whom he loved or flowers in a vibrantsimple vase, all his works with his own stylistic stamp. was able to comfort regarded as an excellent form of communication of the Spirit, his work on his wildest dreams and console humanity through art. It is through his paintings, its not too novel, the troubled life, which as a prophet poet, artist and teacher, was to be evaluated. The analysis of the Sunflowers – Vincent van Gogh

Are Illegal Police Quotas Still Affecting American Citizens? Essay

Are Illegal Police Quotas Still Affecting American Citizens? Just this past summer, one of my good friends was driving through Harrisonburg on his way home from work, when he noticed the one thing all drivers dread, flashing blue lights closing in on him fast. While pulling to the side of the road, he realized there was not one, but two police cars behind him. He knew he had only been going five miles per hour over the speed limit, so he was worried as to why two police cars had just pulled him over. After sitting in fear behind his wheel for several minutes, two cops walked to his car and informed him that he was getting a speeding ticket. Obviously even five miles per hour over the speed limit is still speeding, but what would bring two cops to pull over a car traveling at a speed that almost everyone drives? Statistics from New York City’s Police Department have shown that the number of tickets for miniscule offenses is on the rise, and even though it is illegal for a city to set a formal quota for police to meet, many people believe it is still a common practice to have â€Å"under the table† quotas. According to Compstat, a crime analysis and police management process developed by the New York City Police Department, officers wrote 912,414 parking tickets between January 1 and May 11 of this year, as compared to 877,443 parking tickets during the same period last year, which represents an increase of 3.9%. A spokesman for the Patrolmen’s Benevolent Association, Al O’Leary, said, â€Å"The apparent increase in summonses (in New York City) was fueled by quotas. You can call them goals or targets or management productivity levels, but in a practical world, those are quotas" (Mauldin). Police chiefs everywhere contend that there... ...ity to come up with new forms of revenue, so why bother when they can just keep the quota system bringing in the money. Police are supposed to give the citizens of a city a feeling of security, but these quota systems are slowly turning that once felt sense of security into a sense of paranoia. If this trend continues in America, how long will it be until the population as a whole not only has a distrust, but a flat out hatred of police? The chaos that would happen in this instance may not be as far off as you think. Works Cited Mauldin, William. â€Å"NYPD Is Charged With Setting Quotas?† New York Sun Online 13.5 (2003). 7 Sept. 2003 (http://www.nycpba.org/press-sun/sun-030513-tickets.html). Saltonstall, David. â€Å"Quota’s? What quota’s?† New York Daily News 29.5 (2003). 7 Sept. 2003 (http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/87757p-79862c.html).

Discussion And Implications For The Eap Program Education Essay

IntroductionThe two old chapters demonstrated the importance of researching Saudi pupils ‘ demands and the academic civilization that they encounter while analyzing in British establishments which relate to their English acquisition experience in Saudi Arabia, including their positions about larning English in the UK and analyzing in a British graduate student programme and to uncover single demands and battles in larning EAP. Without analyzing Saudi pupils ‘ positions about their demands analysis from the beginning in Saudi Arabia, and the EAP class in the UK, I would non be able to do any relevant connexions between the EAP and postgraduate context and demo how their positions and behaviors vary in footings of linguistic communication demands and academic demands. It is apparent that the Saudi pupils sampled in this survey happen it hard to get by with linguistic communication demands and the academic civilization differences despite the fact that they are given the cha nce to fix themselves either in Saudi Arabia or in the UK before get downing their graduate student plans in the UK. It is, hence, imperative to analyze their current readying in footings of EAP and cultural differences and to propose possible ways to better the support that is offered to these pupils. The three major theories that underpinned this survey were Present state of affairs analysis ( PSA ) , Target state of affairs analysis ( TSA ) and civilization analysis. The PSA and TSA are based on the Huticon and Water ( 1987 ) theoretical account which suggested happening out the pupils ‘ current and future demands. The cultural demands analysis is based on different research workers e.g. as explained in the 3rd chapter which suggested look intoing the academic demands of pupils analyzing in English speech production states. Second, this research aimed to place the relationships between Saudi pupils analyzing in British graduate student plans and their version to their new academic environment and the possible struggles they encountered. Last, this survey conceptualised the nature of Saudi pupils, as a specific group through their experiences in British graduate student plans. Refering these theories, this research provided findings that reflect the current jobs Saudi pupils face and inside informations possible parts to Saudi pupils, British faculty members and policy shapers in footings of better apprehension Saudi pupils ‘ acquisition procedures in British graduate student plans, get the better ofing the cross-cultural issues viz. academic civilization and get bying with troubles in footings of the new academic context they need to accommodate to in the British context. The first issue raised in this research was related to ( PSA ) on the subject of larning English. It focused on discourses that might uncover of import facets of English linguistic communication troubles through looking at Saudi pupils ‘ experiences in larning the English linguistic communication in the two different instruction systems. Harmonizing to the research findings here, Saudi pupils sampled in this survey were accustomed to a teacher-centred acquisition environment. The development of Saudi pupils ‘ cognition about larning forms in this system seems non to fit them good to larn English for Academic Purposes. For illustration, it seems that it is slightly difficult for EAP instructors to set up what kind of troubles the pupils have in larning the English linguistic communication. Basically, the teacher-centred acquisition system is likely to forestall them from managing the jobs they face because most instructors in this environment are non regarded as feeders. I n a word, the instructors ‘ function in this system is non appropriate for Saudi pupils ‘ development in EAP unless instructors work hard to suit the pupils. To set this merely, it would be helpful if instructors guided the pupils to accommodate to the British system of learning English bit by bit, as making this would heighten Saudi pupils ‘ experiences larning EAP. Harmonizing to literature, pupils can develop their English through interacting with equals, and these synergistic discourses are really of import to make ways of developing the proficiency degree of EAP scholars. Saudi pupils sampled in this survey are mostly those who have shifted to a student-centred acquisition system and therefore encountered many jobs with their new larning environment specifically when they start their graduate student surveies. They would hence hold more opportunity of sing unexpected English linguistic communication troubles in footings of interacting with native and non-native pupils, faculty members and people in the host community. It is natural that a student-centred acquisition system should supply a better environment for Saudi pupils to make synergistic discourses which they could use for the development of their EAP abilities. With respect to the importance of a tutorial type of activity ; this is non a formal portion of the Saudi instruction system. There are similar types of Sessionss offered by the private sector in third Saudi establishments, but this is different from the British instruction system which regards tutorials as an indispensable portion of the acquisition and learning teaching method. This means that Saudi pupils are non prepared to take part in concerted acquisition activities such as tutorials and squad work. They are non good at sharing thoughts or discoursing the issues that might be raised in category. This is a major trouble that Saudi pupils have in accommodating to cross-cultural differences faced in British graduate student plans. It is a new challenge for them to get the better of this indispensable undertaking in order to set about their classs successfully. However, it is besides true that this can non be changed in the short term because Saudi pupils have non been taught with a discussion-based manner including equals and instructors in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this is a important issue for both the Saudi instruction system and British third instruction suppliers. For the Saudi instruction system, policy shapers who are involved demand to be concerned that they provide a instruction teaching method in line with the subject of a concerted group larning environment for Saudi pupils. This is because the findings of this research indicate that pupils ‘ deficiency of experience in a concerted acquisition environment to a great extent impacts on their EAP acquisition and academic success. In add-on, British third instruction suppliers, and people who are involved in this country, need to pay attending to the fact that Saudi pupils ‘ trouble in tutorial engagement is one which interferes with or prevents pupils from developing EAP acquisition and academic success while analyzing in British graduate student plans. The findings of this survey with cross-cultural version in the subject of cultural theories presented in chapter two of this survey revealed Saudi pupils ‘ experiences of larning English at place and in British graduate student plans are different. First, Saudi pupils did non hold adequate opportunity to larn about Britain, even though the UK had been regarded as one of the preferable English speech production states Saudi pupils seek for their graduate student surveies. In fact, Saudi English instruction plans do non supply adequate information about English talking states in their course of study. This besides tended to take to a deficiency of cognition and cross-cultural consciousness for Saudi pupils in respects to their targeted states. On the other manus, Saudi pupils ‘ exposure to such cognition and cross-cultural facets was likely to be recognised one time they arrived in the UK and commenced their classs in British establishments † plans. It can be argued t hat Saudi pupils ‘ well- organised readying before going their place state is important in guaranting better version to the new acquisition environment, particularly the academic environment. More significantly, the research findings in this context emphasised a deficiency of cognition of the academic context which is besides an of import issue. The fact that Saudi English instruction plans do non embrace the academic context is an excess concern. This may be the most serious job that causes current Saudi pupils ‘ English linguistic communication troubles when accommodating to the British academic context ( every bit good as other English talking states ‘ academic contexts ) . For this ground, Saudi pupils merely begin to gain the importance of the academic context as they encountered the new or existent academic environment. Refering the general tendency of Saudi pupils ‘ taking English speech production states for their instruction, it is necessary for people or administrations to originate plans of English linguistic communication for academic intents as an indispensable portion of the school course of study. These would better link with the demands o f the scholars in their new academic environment. In add-on ; consciousness about developing a better apprehension of academic cultural differences, particularly when aiming English speech production states, should be examined by both pupils themselves and policy shapers in Saudi Arabia prior to doing a concluding determination about who is traveling to analyze in English speech production states.Saudi pupils ‘ motions into British graduate student plansSaudi pupils are ‘on the move ‘ to see other states. They are go forthing Saudi Arabia as tourers, pupils, and man of affairs. In recent old ages, they have shown a penchant for sing foreign states with an increasing avidity to larn foreign linguistic communications, particularly English and deriving recognizable makings e.g. Masterss or PhDs every bit good as to hold an escapade larning about different peoples and civilizations. This quickly turning tendency has been encouraged by King Abdullah ‘s scholarship . There is no uncertainty that an of import drift for Saudis ‘ attending to the outside universe has been the high rate of growing of the Korean economic system and its economic promotion. As a consequence of this advancement, the figure of Saudi pupils using to analyze in British graduate student plans has increased steadily over the last five old ages. Recent information from the Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia ; which relates the Numberss of Saudi pupils analyzing abroad, the UK came 2nd after the US in popularity. At present, the necessity for English linguistic communication accomplishments and their importance in the present epoch is a primary influence exciting travel to the UK for academic intents. A good degree of English and its wider use are now important demands for all working and academic countries in Saudi society. The proficiency degree of English is a major demand in judging pupils ‘ eligibility to come in to third establishments, every bit good as in the enlisting of human resources in Saudi Arabia. This enthusiastically supported societal phenomenon has become a major issue nation-wide since the proclamation of King Abdullah ‘s scholarships. This accelerated the societal phenomenon and led finally to more Saudi pupils set abouting abroad surveies. It resulted in an sweetening of Britain ‘s place as one of the preferable finishs for such intents.The Main Characteristics of Saudi Students ‘ Experiences of Learning the English Language in Saudi ArabiaThe pro be into the features of Saudi pupils ‘ experiences in larning the English linguistic communication in Saudi Arabia focused on how they had been taught English as a foreign linguistic communication in the Saudi instruction system and their positions on their English acquisition in Saudi Arabia. In general, it was found that Saudi pupils sampled in this survey indicated that they had been dissatisfied with the English class that was provided by the ministry of instruction. These consequences were non surprising as old research conducted by Al-Tuwaijri ( 1982 ) , who was analyzing in the US at that clip, asked them how satisfied they were with English the course of study, and learning methods and the consequences showed the bulk of his participants were dissatisfied. The underpinning attack can be concluded as a chiefly teacher-centred larning teaching method. Furthermore, this research found that there were some extra facets of their anterior educational experience in Saudi Arabia that impacted upon their ulterior acquisition in an English speech production environment viz. the UK. First, the background of Saudi pupils sampled in this survey was that many had non had an chance to larn or pattern the English linguistic communication with native English talkers. Even though some of them had experience with those who speak English as their first or 2nd linguistic communication, the chief focal point of the learning teaching method affecting their speech production abilities did non look to assist their development of English linguistic communication proficiency. Due to the dominant environment of exam-based English linguistic communication acquisition, speech production in a communicative context is non a precedence concern for Saudi pupils prior to entry into the esteemed universities in Saudi ‘s instruction system. Therefore, Saudi p upils do non hold to show unwritten proficiency. In add-on, Saudi pupils sampled in this survey revealed a deficiency of cognition about the IELTS trial system because of the laterality of the TOFEL trial in Saudi Arabia. There are many more readying plans for the TOFEL trial in Saudi universities and private English linguistic communication establishments than there are IELTS proving Centres. The British Council in Riyadh provides IELTS trial Centres in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, from the information it seems that there are non any specific third readying plans for domestic Saudi pupils who seek to analyze in English talking states like Australia, Canada, UK, US and New Zealand. More significantly, the consequences revealed that there is small concern about the importance of English for academic intents in general in the English linguistic communication larning teaching method in Saudi. Learning English for the interest of larning a new linguistic communication was wholly absent from the participants points of position. The consequences besides, showed that English acquisition is chiefly undertaken because the high force per unit area placed upon larning English as an of import measure for entry into esteemed Saudi Arabian third establishments, or to derive a better chance to be employed by major companies such as ARAMCO and this has ever been a important facet of larning English. Refering the issue of a pre-departure readying scheme for Saudi pupils meaning to analyze in the UK, there is grounds here that Saudi pupils were non sufficiently prepared in Saudi to run into the demands of the proficiency degree of English needed for most British graduate student plans. Students needed to fix for such demands, including the by heightening their proficiency degree in English and their apprehension of the academic environment of British graduate student plans. However, the Saudi pupils sampled in this survey revealed that they did non go to any plan in Saudi Arabia in order to help them in get bying with such possible jobs while analyzing overseas. In general, even though those who wished to analyze overseas realised the importance of taking official English trials, more than half of the pupils in this survey took them in Saudi Arabia. The grounds of the study outcomes in this survey reveals that the IELTS trial is the most preferable by Saudi pupils come ining British graduate student plans. This is non surprising because most, if non all, British third establishments emphasise this trial as a important measuring of international pupils ‘ ability when finding whether or non they can set about British graduate student plans. Harmonizing to the findings from the study, the Saudi pupils sampled in this survey had begun to larn English as a foreign linguistic communication at an inappropriate age in footings of their cognitive development as 2nd linguistic communication scholars. They were between childhood and maturity when they began analyzing English linguistic communication. Harmonizing to Park ( 2006 ) larning the English linguistic communication at the age of 13 old ages is instead late in footings of sing the most effectual development of their 2nd linguistic communication larning accomplishments. It seems that Saudi pupils were non to the full confident about why they had to larn English and how far they could come on in their English proficiency degree. The consequences revealed in chapter one that Saudi pupils were taught the English linguistic communication in Saudi Arabia by unqualified English instructors who required them to larn in a inactive the top down manner. This meant that Saudi pupils needed changeless counsel from their English instructors about their errors during the learning procedure.The Main Characteristics of Saudi Students ‘ Experiences in Learning EAP in the UKThe first issue raised in larning EAP in the UK context is about the composing of the scholars group inside the schoolroom as it might impact on the development of EAP larning procedure. Harmonizing to research findings about Saudi pupils ‘ experience of EAP larning in UK establishments, the groups of scholars larning English were chiefly composed of Saudis with two or three non-Arabic pupils who speak Arabic as their precedence. This means that Saudi pupils did non hold much chance to better their speech production proficiency degree. In add-on, it is natural that they would talk in Arabic if they had something to inquire to each other in category. It is necessary for EAP instructors to inquire or even to coerce them to talk in English. EAP instructors may state them that if they do no n talk in English they will lose some Markss. From the observation there were some EAP instructors who were truly rigorous about talking in English. It would be a positive move if the EAP instructors were to go on this pattern towards better proviso of the transmutation of the pupils ‘ wonts of speech production in English all the times at least in the schoolroom. A multicultural group larning environment, whether in the UK or Saudi Arabia, would offers Saudi pupils ‘ positive experiences including more chance to interact with pupils from different states who speak English as a 2nd linguistic communication. In these fortunes pupils have to utilize English in order to pass on with each other whether or non their proficiency degree of English is sufficient to pass on. One piece of grounds to back up this statement is that the consequences of this survey showed that Saudi pupils improved their English linguistic communication accomplishments one time they started conversation with those who speak English as a first or 2nd linguistic communication. Sing this result, it can be emphasised how of import it is to set up an appropriate environment for scholars of EAP. This is a ground why policy shapers in the UK should see the figure of each nationality in the schoolroom. In add-on to that the English instruction system in Saudi Arabia needs to enroll as many native English instructors as possible, particularly if the system does non germinate a multicultural group larning environment in Saudi instruction system. It is the best option to supply a similar environment to English speech production states. The last issue raised in this context is that linguistic communication intervention might happen during the procedure of English linguistic communication acquisition in a different environment. The acquisition environment where Arabic linguistic communication is dominant ( as in Saudi Arabia itself ) does non supply specific linguistic communication intervention. However, Saudi pupils in the UK are straight influenced by the differences between their first linguistic communication, Arabic, and English. For Saudi pupils sampled in this survey, English is their chief precedence, so it is natural that the distance between the two different linguistic communications would make linguistic communication intervention whenever they use English in activities that are a portion of the British academic context. However, both faculty members and EAP instructors in the UK should be able to place this job in order to better pupils ‘ proficiency degrees in the English linguistic communication .The English Language Difficulties that Saudi Students Face in the British academic ContextThe 2nd dimension of the first research inquiry was to place the English linguistic communication troubles that Saudi pupils faced from an educational position while they were enrolled in British graduate student plans delivered in English which related to both present state of affairss analysis and mark state of affairs analysis. The research findings revealed that Saudi pupils ‘ reading and authorship jobs are the chief issues to get the better of during their classs. There are several of import factors lending to pupils ‘ troubles in these two facets in the British academic context. As discussed in the background to Saudi pupils ‘ experience in larning English in Saudi Arabia, these factors could be related to jobs with English linguistic communication teaching method and learning methodological analysis in Saudi Arabia or in the UK. It can be said that Saudi pupils Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ background experiences in larning the English linguistic communication straight reflect the jobs of Saudi pupils ‘ reading and composing troubles in the British academic context. The findings obtained from this research clearly indicate that EAP plans did non supply adequate chances for the development of pupils ‘ reading and composing abilities. This survey indicates that engagement in tutorials or group activities and giving a presentation were amongst the more hard undertakings for Saudi pupils to get by with. The analytical results obtained from the three different methodological analysiss applied to this survey, viz. the descriptive consequences of the study, observation, and in-depth interviews, indicated three contributory factors. The first is a deficiency of assurance with their proficiency degree in English as a 2nd linguistic communication, which was due to a self-fulfillment about the insufficiency of their readying and tuition, with respect to the manner they were taught English in Saudi Arabia. Acerate leaf to state as many Saudi research workers have found ( ) , Saudi pupils were taught English in an examination-based and text-based system. These learning experiences tend sometimes to do them dying when required to take part in tutorial Sessionss and group meetings, which is the prevailing teaching method in th ird instruction. Furthermore pupils ‘ anxiousnesss arise from a deficiency of assurance with all major English linguistic communication accomplishment classs, including speech production, listening, reading and composing. These anxiousnesss as Park ( 2006 ) claimed besides lead to pupils holding psychological emphasiss. Consequently, it can be concluded that the displacement from a teacher-centred to student-centred acquisition system and being critical, non merely in composing but in all facet of larning are the chief cross-cultural factors that causes jobs. In short, Saudi pupils in this survey who spoke English as a 2nd linguistic communication and were presently enrolled in British graduate student plans were shown to hold troubles in accommodating to the usage of the English linguistic communication. With respect to version troubles, two of import findings of this survey were a deficiency of exposure to a existent English speech production environment and strangeness with the usage of English, peculiarly for academic intents. The research findings from sample responses in this survey clearly indicate that Saudi pupils chiefly face reading and composing jobs. The consequences of this survey revealed that Saudi pupils have trouble in reading rapidly through a text to acquire a general position of the content when reading. It was besides evident that they are unfamiliar with the construction of English academic authorship, have trouble in showing thoughts when composing and happen it hard to organize thoughts in a logical sequence. The research findings here indicate that Saudi pupils ‘ troubles in reading and authorship activities are affected by learning and larning methods that were adopted in the Saudi instruction system. Acerate leaf to state the teaching method in Saudi is preponderantly reliant on an examination-based model. Despite the attempts of EAP instructors in the UK Saudi pupils still find it hard to get by with academic reading and authorship. The difference between the two instruction systems in footings of learning authorship and reading are besides of import factors that were reported to impact Saudi pupils ‘ ability to get by with EAP in British graduate student plans.The Main Cross-cultural Factors that Impact on Saudi Students ‘ Troubles in the British ContextLast, this research asked about the chief cross-cultural fluctuations that impact on Saudi pupils ‘ troubles in the British graduate student acquisition environment. In general, the research findings indicated that cross-cultural discourses presented fewer jobs when compared to English linguistic communication troubles. However, the most of import determination of this research is that Saudi pupils are to a great extent influenced by changed forms in their acquisition environment, peculiarly traveling from a teacher-centred to student-centred system. This was besides shown to hold an impact on Saudi pupils ‘ troubles in take parting in some tutorials and some other in-class activities. The impact of this displacement besides influenced Saudi pupils ‘ assurance with the English linguistic communication and created anxiousnesss and emphasis in tutorial Sessionss. The research findings indicate that the Saudi pupils sampled were affected by different types of academic activities and cross-cultural differences as the research worker expected. In add-on, the undermentioned three of import facets of the new academic context influenced the Saudi pupils sampled in this survey. These were traveling from a teacher-centred to a student-centred, discussion-based and critical thinking-based acquisition system as found in British graduate student plans. Harmonizing to the consequences, pupils who had experience of go toing the EAP plan tended to hold fewer jobs in the discussion-based attacks of the instruction system. The older pupil participants in this survey, in peculiar, were likely to meet fewer jobs accommodating to a different acquisition system. Whilst younger pupils were likely to hold some trouble in accommodating to a British single ability-centred academic environment. Harmonizing to the survey ‘s findings, the pupils that undertook EA P plans still have trouble in fixing assignments. In contrast, these pupils showed a higher adaptability in all other classs with regard to the cross-cultural issues raised in this survey.The Best Preparation for Saudi Students to Succeed in British graduate student PlansThe research findings can lend to the treatment and preparation of schemes to develop more effectual ways for Saudi pupils to fix for British graduate student plans in footings of their linguistic communication and academic demands. Successful accomplishment of their ends and deriving an apprehension of their new academic context are the existent loads for Saudi pupils. Presently, these are barriers that prevent them from accommodating both academically and linguistically. The Saudi pupils sampled in this survey clearly indicated that they had shown different degrees of version harmonizing to the old plans they experienced prior to come ining British graduate student plans. The old two chapters detailed the current public presentation of Saudi pupils sampled and their responses in seting to the British academic context. More than half of the Saudi pupils who participated in this survey had experienced EAP plans before get downing their classs in British graduate student plans. In peculiar, a bulk of them attended a class offered by the university plan that was chiefly designed to fix them to come in the university and run into its demand but non for the official IELTS trial or any other trial. Saudi pupils sampled in this survey are likely to hold spent less than 12 months analyzing in such a readying plan. Typically, the Saudi pupils sampled in this survey appeared to depend on go throughing the EAP plan to derive permission to analyze in British graduate student plans one time they arrived in the UK. I would propose that the EAP plans provided by the universities should besides be concentrating on the IELTS trial because the consequences from the pupil interviews revealed that they are non confident about the university assessment process. Therefore, fixing pupils for the IELTS would forestall any misinterpretations on the pupils ‘ portion over whether they were tested based on their background. For the present sample of Saudi pupils, nevertheless, it has been revealed that as clip has gone on the IELTS trial is recognised to be merely one step of entry degree ability and non needfully the 1 that predicts success in third acquisition. In fact, this research indicates that most Saudi pupils continue to confront English linguistic communication troubles and academic cultural challenges in the academic context while set abouting their graduate student surveies. The EAP instructors who had old experience of learning Saudi pupils in this survey believed that the proficiency degree of English acquired by go throughing the IELTS trial differs from the proficiency degree of English which would be utilised in the existent life state of affairss which arise in the class of academic survey. A deficiency of cognition and accomplishments associated with English for academic intents is a major ground. Saudi pupils sampled in this survey admitted that the degree of English acquisition and instruction does non run into the degree that British graduate student plans require because the current Saudi English instruction system and its acquisition environment are non practical plenty to accomplish the high proficiency degree of English that is indispensable for Saudi pupils. The research findings clearly indicate that Saudi pupils who had experienced an EAP plan showed better public presentation in their academic surveies compared to those pupils who had non attended any EAP plans. The consequences besides showed that Saudi pupils were found to hold experienced trouble in run intoing the needed degrees of proficiency in the English for British graduate student plans. The acknowledgment of the English linguistic communication jobs that pupils encounter while set abouting their plans presently is described by sources as the deficiency of their cognition about the mark linguistic communication because of the manner it was taught in the EAP plan. Howevet, the research found that with regard to academic cultural issues, pupils who had undertaken EAP plans demonstrated more adaptability in most countries of subsequently larning. For illustration, some pupils responded that they were satisfied with proficiency degree of their English speech production and were confident and had less anxiousness when they needed to talk in a category. While others besides had trouble in organizing thoughts in a logical sequence when composing English. Furthermore, they were probably to hold fewer jobs than other nationalities when giving a spoken presentation in category.6.5 Chapter sum-upThis chapter discusses the results from the information analysis and connects them with the theories that have been discussed in chapters two and three. It was clear that pupil linguistic communication proficiency was non high plenty for Saudi pupils to get down their graduate student surveies at British establishments. It was besides revealed that pupils are confronting troubles in get bying with their new academic environment. Consequently, the research suggests that the best readying for Saudi pupils as they enter British graduate student plans and achieve successful consequences is to go to EAP plans where they can accomplish early socialization and pre-preparation by sing interaction with native English talkers in existent academic state of affairss. This suggested tract would probably offer future Saudi pupils a more realistic chance to get the better of jobs presently faced by Saudi graduate student pupils. These Saudi pupils must be regarded as grownup scholars when sing their age harmonizing to the consequences of the study. As grownup scholars, they would probably recognize the importance of EAP and the academic differences in their new academic environment. It can be said that their greater realization of this context was chiefly based on experiences of interacting with the British academic acquisition environment. As a consequence, they came to gain what kind of readying they needed and how they might better get by with unexpected jobs faced in British plans. It means that they had chances to detect, through their experiences, how to cover with EAP troubles and academic cultural differences at this degree. In add-on, these Saudi pupils revealed that their anxiousness, emphasis and deficiency of assurance with English as a 2nd linguistic communication created a psychological trouble when take parting in tutorials. Sing the issues discussed supra, a scope of possible recommendations can be offered that might supply a valuable way for Saudi pupils, the policy shapers in Saudi Arabia and British establishments, private suppliers and other people who are involved in this sector. These might be considered in order to better Saudi pupils ‘ public presentations in British graduate student plans in the hereafter.