Chap.7 State Of The World :: essays research papers

Critical Analysis on Chapter 7, enounce of the World 1999Feeding Nine BillionWhile reading chapter 7 of express of the World I was very interested in the changing course because it made me think about the things that our world washbasin do that can drastically benefit the upcoming of our agricultural production and pabulum prospect. We must be able to solve the two major food issues currently facing our world, which argon malnutrition and price stability. completely governments need to establish a population policy so that their country does not exceed the limitations of its carrying content. It is important that we can produce adequacy food for our country, which is estimated to growth by 74 million in the next fifty years. A quote from the book, The worst mistake political leaders can make pull back into the new millennium is to underestimate the dimensions of the food challenge. I certainly agree with this because most of the future food growth in the world is loss to be croplands and we need to understand that we are going to need to be able to produce as much crop as possible for the land. I also agree with the fact that the governments that are experiencing rapid population growth must figure out their future population carrying capacity by sharp how much land is available for crops and how much water is available for irrigation.It is estimated that 3.3 billion more people will be living on this world in the first half of the next century and unfortunately many of those people will be born into already over dwell countries. For example, India with some of the highest leanness rates in the world will have an additional 600 million people inhabiting the country by the year 2050.It was interesting to watch that educating young females would be a good focus to control future population growth because the more education that women have, the fewer children that women have. Another way to ensure food supply in the future according to the book is to eat food in moderation to keeping a healthy diet, which helps economize food, and at the aforesaid(prenominal) time keeps you healthy. I definitely do not agree with this approach because even though it would work with everyones cooperation, you are not going to get everyones cooperation because there are still all those people who love to eat and they dont care if they are heavy or obese.Chap.7 State Of The World essays research papersCritical Analysis on Chapter 7, State of the World 1999Feeding Nine BillionWhile reading chapter 7 of State of the World I was very interested in the changing course because it made me think about the things that our world can do that can drastically benefit the future of our agricultural production and food prospect. We must be able to solve the two major food issues currently facing our world, which are malnutrition and price stability. All governments need to establish a population policy so that their country does not exceed the limitatio ns of its carrying capacity. It is important that we can produce enough food for our country, which is estimated to increase by 74 million in the next fifty years. A quote from the book, The worst mistake political leaders can make entering the new millennium is to underestimate the dimensions of the food challenge. I certainly agree with this because most of the future food growth in the world is going to be croplands and we need to understand that we are going to need to be able to produce as much crop as possible for the land. I also agree with the fact that the governments that are experiencing rapid population growth must figure out their future population carrying capacity by calculating how much land is available for crops and how much water is available for irrigation.It is estimated that 3.3 billion more people will be living on this world in the first half of the next century and unfortunately many of those people will be born into already over populated countries. For exa mple, India with some of the highest poverty rates in the world will have an additional 600 million people inhabiting the country by the year 2050.It was interesting to learn that educating young females would be a good way to control future population growth because the more education that women have, the fewer children that women have. Another way to ensure food supply in the future according to the book is to eat food in moderation to keeping a healthy diet, which helps conserve food, and at the same time keeps you healthy. I definitely do not agree with this approach because even though it would work with everyones cooperation, you are not going to get everyones cooperation because there are still all those people who love to eat and they dont care if they are overweight or obese.

Uses of ICT in Theatres :: ICT Essays

Uses of ICT in theatresDatabases may contain information regarding* Props - & people who make them* Costumes -* Actors* Producers* Directors* Regular visitors* Scenery - makers, painters* Make-up people* Rehearsal generation* Staff rotas manity* Programmes* Filters* Press releases* Posters* List of contactsSmoke/fire alarmsEmergency lightingA theatre may use ICT for a wide add together of tasksTicket-booking systems (both on- and off-line)Internet siteStaff rotasPromotional materialsCash flowAutomatic lighting systemsCentral management systemAccountsSchedulingUser interfacesAlarmsData justification Act-relates to any personal data (relating to living individuals who canbe identified from that data) that may be stored.- Hence, general data collected from point of trade terminals and websites are not usually affected.- Requirements of Act also cover many categories of manually held data.- Rome types of data that must be registered under the Act-- Public and internal directories ( e.g. of students, customers, staff)- Includes contact information.-- Staff/customer biographical information pages.-- Online forms (registration and so forth, include contact information.-- Online research surveys - includes data that identifies any individual response to a survey.-- netmail list subscriptions (e.g. keep up with the latest results).-- Other ways, such as scripts that allow a user to personalise web pages, server-based cookie file systems, etc.Companies collecting any of the data outlined above must appoint adata controller and register with the Information Commissioner.Data Controllers must propound the IC, before processing personal data,of- Their name and address- The data to be touch on- The category(s) of data subject to which they relate- The purposes for which the data will be processedCompanies are checked to ensure data security before being registered.The Act places a legal obligation on DCs to follow the data safeguardprinciples- Persona l data shall be processed fairly and true(a)ly- Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified lawful purposes- Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose/s for which it is to be used- Personal data shall be accurate and, where unavoidable, kept up to date- Personal data processed for any purpose/s shall not be kept for longer than necessary- Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under the act- Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unlawful or unauthorised processing of personal data, and against loss, destruction or damage to personal data.- Personal data shall not be transferred to countries/territories

The Wisdom of Frost Exposed in The Oven Bird Essays -- Oven Bird Essay

The Wisdom of Frost Exposed in The Oven Bird These plainly negligible birds, symbols of the lyric spokesperson, have intuited the Oven Birds lesson and are the signs by which one is meant to divine Frosts acceptance of the linguistic implications of the come up from innocence. The Oven Bird, who watching That other fall we name the fall come to cover the world with dust, Knows in singing not to sing. Instead, The question that he frames in all but words / Is what to make of a skeletal thing. The fall, in necessitating both birth and death, imposes a continuum of identity that compromises naming. The process toward death, begun with birth, transmutes and gradually diminishes form, thus adding to the equation - words are things before they become words and things once again when they do - an element of inevitable, perpetual senescence. The birds of A Winter Eden say which buds are leaf and which are bloom, but the names are always untimely or too late gold goes to green, dawn to day, everything rises and falls and is transformed. Thus the Oven Bird says, Midsummer is to spring as one to ten, because a season - this or any other - may only be codified analogously. Fall takes on a series of identities petal fall, the fall season, the first and fortunate fall, individually of which bears, at the moment of articulation, the burden of a whole complex of moral, aesthetic, and literary valuations. This bird is a midsummer and a midwood bird that sees things at the moment of tumble to the imperatives of fall. Loud, he predicts the inevitable, and his language reflects the potential meaninglessness of a world in which one is forced to define a thing by what it departs from or approaches instead than what it is. To... ... ice are, after all, the inextricable complementarities of one apocalyptic vision that endlessly regenerative cycle of desire and (self) hatred that necessarily brings the productive poet to scourge his own voice as he mocks both the poetic vo cation and the state to which poetry - and if poetry then all language - has come. Frost anticipates modernisms lament and, it may be said, prefigures in his dualism its dubious palliative of self-referential irony. The lyric birds and the weary speakers tell us the genuine Frostian wisdom of achieving a commonsensical accommodation with the fallen world, eyepatch inciting at another, and ineffable, level a profound disquiet. Works Cited Robert Frost and a Poetic of Appetite. Cambridge University Press. 1994 Robert Frost in The Columbia History of American Poetry. Ed. Jay Parini. Columbia University Press. 1997

The Use of Series in The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler Essay -- sleep

The Use of Series in The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler   In The Big Sleep, Raymond Chandler writes items in a serial publication in almost every paragraph that does not include dialogue, occasions, in the text where Marlowe watches the other character do something like open and close a book or light a cigarette and flick the ash into a tray. When Chandler stops the dialogue to creates a space for Marlowe to record elements in the environment, he constructs sentences that indicate how Marlowe assimilates the information characters perform three or more acts successively and Marlowe notices every movement, recording it at once. Therefore, Chandler builds sentences that shoot as many separate dos as possible to reflect how fast the character performs the act, rather than isolate single actions in single sentences that break the action up. Specifically, Chandler builds sentences with items in a series to reflect continuous motion and mimic the way Marlowe perceives it . Series are economical and fast, pointing to the movement of the character and the way Marlowe thinks.   The series occur in paragraphs Marlowe narrates, sections before or after dialogue when Marlowe establishes the scope of the movie or moves the scene along. Chandler uses the construction when he describes the principal action in a scene. For example, chapter 17 opens with a paragraph that includes this sentence The boy swung the car over to the box hedge in front of Geigers house, killed the motor and sat smell straight before him with both hands on the wheel (99). In the paragraph, Chandler describes the inert environment with one compound sentence and two simple sentences. no(prenominal) of them contain a series. The sentence that ... ...es the scene correctly and as quickly as Marlowe sees it.   Chandler does not want to write a text that reminds the endorser it is a text. Instead he wants to imitate reality. He wants the reader to follow Marlowe, lo ok over his shoulder, and maintain a constant, attached point-of-view shot of the action. For this reason, Chandler uses series to simulate the cycles/second and speed of real action. When a writer like Chandler omits words and replaces them with commas, ands, and ors, he makes the sentence concise and speedy. When one reads such a text, she understands two things about the scene how the character moves and how Marlowe perceives the movement. Chandler is sensitive to the relationship between the text, the reader, reality. So he creates a text that mimics real movement and real thinking. He uses series to carry the reader through the text.

Geographic Information Sytems :: Significant Elements of GIS

Significant Elements of GIS GIS unites graphical representation of characteristic items (e.g. trees, houses, wells, streets, and so forth.), properties of items and apparatuses to all oversee conduct of the templet objects. This makes, GIS goes far past the administration of background mapping as it gives genuine positional mindfulness in backing of leading examination crosswise over various wellsprings of data. Incorporating ERP and GIS The test is that organizations actualize different requisitions for a reason every is intended to help the needs of a specific client assemble in performing their particular assignments. Geological data frameworks (GIS) have the capacity of putting away, controlling, examining and imagining the geospatial data through maps. Frequently, picturing the information on maps is more applicable than fetching a gander at the plain information, which is the reason GIS has started to be incorporated in key business requisitions additionally. The collaborat ion between GIS and ERP data frameworks, offers focal points to any campaign in both store network administration and advertising ranges. Logistic firms oblige shorter request cycle, more dependable expatriations, better warehouse administration and they must hold their transportation fetches under control. With a specific end goal to accomplish these objectives, the reconciliation of GIS, GPS and ERP innovations was proposed by researchers and by business programming sellers. In the promoting region, ERP/GIS internalization might be helpful in all showcasing blend segments item (fragment clients by lifestyle and item advancements and classification), value (usage of estimating strategy relying upon area), spot (site choice and conveyance directing) and advancement (create target geocode clients, comprehend client using). With a coordinated framework, a client can do a cluster of capacities that could affect corporate rill cost by fulfilling the accompanying Enhance asset usage, examination, wellbeing and stake trustworthiness through a capacity to speak to work requests and warnings at their straight area on a GIS map. Enhance operational proficiency (e.g. wellbeing, dispatching) by speaking to work exercises that effect a zone as polygons on the read and ID of briefest courses. Enhance workforce gainfulness by giving more extensive program based admittance to ERP and GIS based possessions, upkeep, and client data. Lessen administration sets back the ol pecuniary resource by stretching an on-line organization toward oneself entrance with fundamental business forms (e.g. report flawed gear). Hoist client administration and choice making with stretched access to ERP information from the GIS map. Associations that incorporate GIS with ERP fit in with

Geographic Information Sytems :: Significant Elements of GIS

Significant Elements of GIS GIS unites graphical representation of characteristic items (e.g. trees, houses, wells, streets, and so forth.), properties of items and apparatuses to oversee conduct of the guide objects. This makes, GIS goes far ago the administration of background mapping as it gives genuine positional mindfulness in backing of leading examination crosswise over various wellsprings of data. Incorporating ERP and GIS The sample is that organizations actualize different requisitions for a reason every is intended to help the needs of a specific client assemble in performing their bad-tempered assignments. Geological data frameworks (GIS) have the capacity of putting away, controlling, examining and imagining the geospatial data through maps. Frequently, picturing the information on maps is more applicable than taking a gander at the plain information, which is the reason GIS has started to be desegregated in key business requisitions additionally. The collaboration between GIS and ERP data frameworks, offers focal points to any endeavor in twain store network administration and advertising ranges. Logistic firms oblige shorter request cycle, more dependable conveyances, better warehouse administration and they must hold their transportation system fetches under control. With a specific end goal to accomplish these objectives, the reconciliation of GIS, GPS and ERP innovations was proposed by researchers and by business programming sellers. In the promoting region, ERP/GIS incorporation might be helpful in all showcasing blend segments item (fragment clients by lifestyle and item advancements and classification), value (usage of estimating strategy relying upon area), spot (site choice and conveyance directing) and advancement (create tush geocode clients, comprehend client using). With a coordinated framework, a client can do a cluster of capacities that could affect corporate running cost by fulfilling the accompanying Enhance asset usage, examination, wellbeing and stake trustworthiness through a capacity to speak to work requests and warnings at their accurate area on a GIS map. Enhance operational proficiency (e.g. wellbeing, dispatching) by speaking to work exercises that effect a zone as polygons on the guide and ID of briefest courses. Enhance hands gainfulness by giving more extensive program based access to ERP and GIS based possessions, upkeep, and client data. Lessen administration sets back the ol finances by stretchiness an on-line organization toward oneself entrance with fundamental business forms (e.g. report flawed gear). Hoist client administration and choice making with stretched access to ERP information from the GIS map. Associations that incorporate GIS with ERP fit in with

Beowulf’s Confidence Essay

Beowulf was written in the earliest age of English poetry. Back in the Anglo-Saxon times, in order to make a name for themselves, warriors had to fight in fightings. They believe that you should fight until death with absolutely no retreating. Beowulf, a young Geatish warrior, comes to Hrothgars forcedom to return a raise to him. While Beowulf is there, he fights in two battles the battle with Grendel and the battle with Grendels mother. Much later in the poem, he fights in his third battle, defeating the tophus maligning his plain. Beowulfs assertion decreases as each battle occurs.In Beowulfs battle with Grendel, Beowulf is extremely confident. This confidence is very apparent in his attitude. When he first comes to Hrothgars court, he tells him that he had firm resolve when he set to sea (Beowulf 22). This confidence is also apparent in Beowulfs preparation. He chooses to abandon his armor and weapons in the fight. He very dramatically strips from his shoulders the byrny of steel, / doffs helmet from head (23). Beowulf has a huge advantage on Grendel because he is very strong. He is so strong that the people of his country say that his handgrip is equivalent to that of thirty mens strength (15). Beowulfs confidence is extremely evident as he prepares to fight Grendel.Beowulf prepares differently in the fight with Grendels mother because he is not as confident as he was in the first battle. Beowulfs attitude piece of music talking to Hrothgar is less confident due to the fact he is not sure of how the battle will end. He has Hrothgar pledge to Protect his kinsmen, his trusty comrades, / If battle take him (48). Beowulf also shows his confidence lessening by deciding to use armor and weapons in the battle. To prepare for the battle, he dons his armor (47) with A gleaming helmet (47) and the trade name the herald of Hrothgar loaned (47). Beowulf is still somewhat strong compared to his last battle. When Grendels mother grapples and grasps the warrior / With horror grip (48, 49) and tries to tear through the tempered mail / With her savage fingers (49), she cannot harm him. Beowulfs confidence is not as apparent in the second battle with Grendels mother.Beowulfs confidence continues to decrease as the battle with the dragon occurs. Beowulfs attitude was extremely negative. His heart is heavy with anguish (75). Beowulfs confidence level is so low that he has special armor vigilant for him. The king bade work him of iron a wondrous shield, / Knowing full well that wood could not serve him / Nor linden defend him (75) against the dragon. Beowulfs strength has drastically changed since the beginning of the first battle. Rather than having the grip of thirty mens strength (15), Beowulf trusts the strength / Of his single might (82). Beowulf shows little to no confidence in the battle with the dragon.Beowulfs confidence lessens as each battle approaches. He goes from being a great, bold warrior with much confidence, to an old, fragil e king with very little confidence. Beowulf comes to a point of weakness where he can no longer defend for himself and needs help from fellow warriors, like Wiglef. His confidence adjusted so extremely that he goes into the last battle expecting a not so good outcome. At the end of the battle with the dragon, Beowulf passes away, with his weakness and little confidence being a huge factor.

School is bad for children

Seventeen years of reading, cramming, listening and studying. One for kindergarten, six for middle drill and a nonher six for high teach, positively charged the dreaded four years in college, all these seventeen years to get a degree and work for a living. Going to school to copy classes, submit homework and projects, and to take exami areas realise be tot a part of our culture and tradition. It is deeply embedded in our laws and in our minds. We all have come to believe that without school, we are nothing.We are nothing especially when compared to those who have dedicated 17 years of their lives, m atomic number 53y, time and effort in schooling. However, it is not what it seems to be any much. A place for renting and for growing is being questi bingled. There have been studies that resulted in concepts that have not been considered when the idea of a school for everybody and everyone was put up. The implications of these have resulted in the skepticism of the current educatio n system, whether or not it caters to everybody or if it still upholds the quality of education that they promised to give.In the quizs by John Holt, David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker, and Ji-Yeon bloody shame Yuhfill, several key points were noted that direct to the aforementioned(prenominal) issue, schooling has to be changed. These authors were able to identify various reasons that could be grounds for changing the current educational system. As of the moment, all barbarianren are required by law to go to school, at least up until high school. College, on the separate, is an option that unless mint who foot afford to pay for the tuition fee take. For the rest, high school suffices enough to get them jobs to earn money for providing themselves with the basic necessities.However, John Holt believes that going to school is actually a hindrance for a growing child to become the soul that he is supposed to be, David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker thinks that t he current way of evaluating ones intelligence is not accurate because of the identified multiple intelligences, and Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill found out that what is being taught in the four walls of the classroom is not uncoiled to the factual occurrences in history. These three authors are not exactly talking about one thing but they are all on the same page.John Holts essay entitled, School is bad for children, talks about use uping outside school and compares it to learning inside it. he describes how a child, before entering the school premises, was an explorer and a creative individual who is not scared of trying different things. The independence of learning all by ones self has become the tool in the growth and development of a child from birth to just before entering school. He insist that the infant did not really need a teacher in learning something that he thinks is inexistent, language. He was able to manipulate this language, learn it and use it, without the help onese lf of a classroom.He had in him characteristics such as perseverance, patience and determination that he developed by trying out peeled things, when he explores his environment. none of these he can do inside a school. Holt reasons out that in school, school-age childs are taught to be submissive and to be controlled by an environment that is not tributary to learning. Hence, all of the characteristics that he once possessed were kept inside him and he was not allowed to use it when infallible. For example, in the real world, the child can make mistakes. He can run very fast and he could stumble and have his skin scraped.Nevertheless, he will fend up and learn the lesson that he should not do that again when the ground is not leveled enough because he is going to have bruises, which is very unpleasant. However, when in school, he is not allowed to run fast. Holt translates this analogy into accept that a child should be allowed to make mistakes and learn the right field answe rs on their own. Then again, in school, one is not allowed to make mistakes, teachers tho ask for the right answers, so do examinations. Human interaction is also made insignificant in school. However, this is a very important lifelong ability that we should not hardihood pass up to learn.Holt emphasizes how the school disallows talking to classmates and playing with them while inside the school premises. This poses a very big problem to learning and developing socialisation skills. In David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadkers essay, they discuss the importance of the multiple intelligences and the emotional intelligence factor. Eight intelligences have been identified, which are the logical-mathematical intelligence, the linguistic intelligence, the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, the musical, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence. to each one of these intelligences represent an ability or a set of abilities that manifests as skills and interes ts that an individual posses and it does not really have to be in the academic field. For example, dancing, painting, singing, and even interacting with other people are considered to be a form of intelligence. However, in schools and in the existing educational curriculum, only the IQ or the intelligence quotient is what seems to be of extreme importance. A students ability is rated through the grades and examination performance.The other intelligences do not even make it to the report card they are only electives in some schools, while in others they are just clubs. The multiple intelligences also tell us that every person is unique and it will stand out in their areas of specialty or their forte. One should not be forced to do something that they have almost no affinity to because they excel in the opposite of that task. Another important discovery made is the emotional intelligence factor and how its determination at an early age was a predictor of the childs success in the lat er years of life.Basically, the argument that they presented in the essay is that there is no one test to measure the range of abilities and skills that a student possesses. This is a problem because the current system utilized in schools may become a hindrance for developing the other aspects of intelligence of the students. The essay by Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill talked about how she felt cheated because of the historical inaccuracies that she learned in school and how knowing the truth could change ones life forever.She tell that what she learned in school is that the United States of America was all about how the white skinned people were able to conquer and start a nation so great on their own. However, she learned in her own research later on that this was not the case. She learned that so many other cultures existed during the glide slope of America as one nation, and that these other people of different ethnicity were of help that time and without them, America will never be th e same.These three essays focused on different issues and concepts, but they all arrived on the same conclusion, change is needed in the educational system. Holt presents five solutions that he believes can help our students in nice more like the person that they should have become right from the start. He suggests that the compulsory school attendance should be banned or there should be a higher number of absences to be allowed. It has become so hard to keep children in school in the first place, and it costs the government more money now keeping kids in school because they do not want to be there.He also mentioned that out of classroom learning should be implemented. This is because much of the real learning for the real world happens outside of school. He also wants that children learn from other children, and that children judge their own work. This is very much needed especially when interacting with others and in trying to create standards for ones self. In doing so, children are able to share ideas, learn from the other childs perspective, and learn from their own mistakes. Lastly, he proposes to eradicate the fixed and required curriculum.This proposal may coincide to David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadkers case in point, the multiple intelligences. Holt says that there is no point in making children study what they are not interested in or what they do not excel in. each person has their own type of intelligence, and so this is why a standardized measurement of intelligence will not suffice. Albeit indirectly implied, there has to be a new system wherein the personal intelligences of each student can be quantified. David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker mentioned the portfolio approach.It is described as a more comprehensive assessment that includes student artifacts such as papers, projects, videotapes, and exhibits, which offer tangible examples of student learning. It does not have to be just a report card anymore. Moreover, learning doe s not have to be all about the good stuff. It was suggested in Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfills essay that both the good and the bad aspects of history should be taught in school and let the children decide. A multicultural curriculum will not only make the children develop critical thinking, it will also help them develop the skills that can assist in the improvement of their country.I personally believe in change. It is inevitable and it is the only constant thing in the world. If we want to improve things and learn from mistakes, we should start it with the children. Not only because they are the future leaders of our country, but because we want them to become the dress hat person that they could possibly be, the best pianist, the best mathematician, the best doctor, the best chef. We have to let them fall down and make mistakes, because this is the only way they could learn.We have to allow them to flourish in the things that they are passionate about, because it is the only way that the y can develop their talents and skills. We have to believe in them, whether or not they believe in themselves, because they would need all our love and support as they struggle to find their true identities. It is not a question of whether or not school is the best for children it is whether or not we can accept the changes that should be implemented in these institutions. And if we want a better future for everyone, we should.

History according to the Male Historian Essay

Gender plays a very important role in the definition of history. Male historians be often presented as scientific thinkers. But the truth is that they unless perpetuate religious, ethnocentric or class-based versions of the past under the stalking-horse of neutrality. Female historians, on the separate hand, are usually dismissed as propagators of amateur or irrelevant historical accounts. This observation most likely caulescent from their preference to study domains such as the lives of queens and other accomplished wo men, as well as manners, mores and everyday manners.The accounts of Marco Polo and Ibn Khaldun are two evidences of historys male-oriented nature. Their versions hail men and or patriarchal value as the agents of change in a given society. Such a pro-male stance is no lasting surprising history as a discipline has traditionally been regarded as a male preserve. Apart from the proliferation of male historians, focus is given on men and male-dominated spheres s uch as war, politics and industry. Inside the Middle Kingdom Marco Polo was a Christian Venetian merchant who traveled to and lived in yuan China from 1271 to 1292.His accounts of his travels and experiences in China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asiatic lands, turning him into one of the most famous Western medieval travelers. Furthermore, the works of Marco Polo aroused fascination with Asian trade. Traders and cartographers used these as a guide to be able to come up with their own routes to the East. Marco Polo, however, grossly misunderstood several aspects of life in Yuan China. For one, he conjured a very paternalistic image of Mongol ruler Kublai caravan inn.In addition, Marco Polo came up with a superficial description of the urban center of Kin-sai. His observations on the look of life of the citys inhabitants clearly lacked further analysis, if non overly romanticized. The Grand Khan Marco Polo regarded Kublai Khan as a benevolent leader who brought success fulness and stability to Yuan China. The city of Kanbalu (present-day Beijing), for instance, possessed an opulence which (was) greater than the mind can comprehend. Its dwellers lived in handsome houses and stately buildings in the suburbs. The capital, meanwhile, was groaning with merchandise.At least a thousand pack-horses would go there everyday to unload raw silk, which would then be used to manufacture market items such as gold tissues and silk cloth. Kublai Khan lived even more luxuriously than his subjects in Kanbalu. Marco Polo wrote of an instance in which Khan threw a feast which lasted for three days. Merchants and other important personalities attended this banquet in the hopes of securing Khans favor for their respective endeavors. The guests were treated to a fare which included overflowing amounts of game animals, raisins, fish, fruits and Greek partridges, as well as booze and horse and camel milk.As they ate and drank, Khans acrobats entertained them with jugglin g acts, magic tricks and amazing feats of contortion. Kin-sai A Cautionary Tale Marco Polo expound Kin-sai as a noble and magnificent city. Its facilities extensive streets and canals, spacious marketplaces, numerous bridges rendered it a modern veneer for the standards of its time. Kin-sais markets sold a wide variety of goods, including meats, fruits, fishes, herbs, spices, drugs, trinkets and pearls. These bazaars are constantly full due to the citys capacious stone warehouses, which are frequented by merchants from India and other countries.Marco Polo attributed Kin-sais prosperity to the rule of Khan. The precedent described the citys previous ruler as a morally decadent individual who preferred hunting and orgies over administering to the needs of his people. His negligence of his duties reared its sickening head when the Khan was easily able to conquer Kin-sai. Marco Polo then concluded that Khan brought peace and stability to Kin-sai by controlling the licentiousness o f its citizenry. Behind the Myth. What Marco Polo did not know was that the Chinese people resented the existence of the Yuan Dynasty primarily because of its Mongolian origin.Furthermore, the Yuan Dynasty marginalized the Han Chinese in the latters own demesne. Only Mongols and other foreigners were allowed to assume government positions. Neither was the Han Chinese permitted to engage in external trade and or learn other languages. While Marco Polos account of Kin-sai was merely a romantic tableau, its realistic descriptions of Yuan China can be interpreted in two ways. The tragic end of the citys former ruler is a possible warning against excessive indulgence in worldly pleasures.It must be noted that during Marco Polos time, the nobles of the West were notorious for animate lavish lifestyles while the commoners starved. He is therefore warning Western monarchs that they will share the same fate with the former ruler of Kin-sai if they dont remediate their ways. another(prenom inal) probable construal is that Kin-sai is a reflection of what the West really intends to do with China. Marco Polos focus on the citys courtesans and the promiscuous way of life of its former ruler can be a means of fetishizing the East.Portraying China as an exotic location can increase Western expeditions to the country both for trade and for converting more people to Christianity. But what Marco Polo probably did not understand was that in Kin-sai, the practice of polygamy was considered acceptable. In ancient societies, polygamy was used as a means of replenishing the population after it has been reduced by wars and other calamities. From the abdicate to the Desert Ibn Khaldun was a North African statesman, scholar and historian who traveled to dissimilar p arts of the Arab world.In his journeys, he was able to make observations on the geopolitical climate during his period. These observations eventually became the basis for his ideas in the fields of historiography, sociol ogy and economics. The Muqaddimah was the compilation of these concepts. Although The Muqaddimah was actually a reflection on 14th-century Arab politics, it has striking parallelisms with modern-day Arab geopolitics. For one, self-reliance is seen as more desirable than the unity and conformity cosmos espoused by an established dynasty. Furthermore, luxury and interaction with strangers (foreigners) are regarded as the causes of corruption.The strong emphasis of The Muqaddimah on independence which already b sights on isolationism was probably intended to make it more appealing to male than feminine audiences. The Bedouins In The Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldun began his discussion on human civilization by describing Bedouin life. He believed that the Bedouins are the models of strength and self-reliance, as they focus only (in) the necessities of life and not (in) luxuries or anything, causing, or calling for, desires and pleasures. Furthermore, the Bedouins live according to the princ iple of asabiya (group feeling).Asabiya refers to a higher form of unity it espouses the cohesive force of the group (which seeks) force play through conquest. The Dynasty Ibn Khaldun was quick to clarify that the dynasty was not without asabiya royal authority cannot be established and function without the group (society). But he also pointed out that the asabiya being practiced by the dynasty was a weaker form of the principle. This was because most dynasties were based in the city a venue of luxury products and a thriving intellectual life, as well as specialization and diversification of labor.For a dynasty to thrive in the city, the army must shoulder the expenses of the royal family. Doing so, in turn, means greater taxes from the commoners. Another detrimental effect of luxury is interaction with foreigners people during Ibn Khalduns time were able to obtain luxury items only from foreign merchants. Interrelating with outsiders would result in the inhabitants of the cit y acquiring values that contrast sharply against asabiya. It would come to a point that succeeding generations would have already forgotten the Bedouin values of independence and resilience values on which a dynasty is supposed to be based.When that time comes, the dynasty would start to break down. Behind the Myth. Ibn Khaldun overly romanticized the Bedouins. While it is true that the latter is strong and independent, it is because it has to acquire these traits in order to survive. The Bedouins are a nomadic tribe that roams the deserts of the Middle East. Given the scarcity of resources in the desert, they have to be hardy in order to last. These traits of the Bedouins, however, are not without negative effects. In order to compete with scarce resources, Bedouin tribes constantly wage war with one another.In addition, they observe the practice of interment female infants in the sand. Because females ultimately leave their families to get married, the Bedouins consider feeding a nd rearing them a waste of already scarce resources. In sharp contrast, inhabitants of the city do not have to worry as much when it comes to their daily sustenance. Thus, they have more time to pursue other endeavors, such as education, arts and the sciences. The influx of new ideas may have also prompted them to change social institutions and or policies that they consider to be obsolete and or inefficient.Indeed, The Muqaddimah shows the enduring conflict amidst the patriarchal values of conformity and permanence and change and modernity. Conclusion Historical accounts of male historians are scientific only in the sense that they relieve the past in terms of religious, ethnocentric or class-based ways of thinking. Consequently, they end up misrepresenting certain ideas and or romanticize concepts that are actually detrimental to society to pop out with. Marco Polo, for instance, portrayed Kublai Khan as a ruler which brought peace and stability to China.But the truth was that t he Yuan Dynasty was an imperialist rule it expanded itself by trespassing(a) China and marginalizing the Han Chinese. Ibn Khaldun, meanwhile, adhered strongly to the Bedouin values of hardiness and self-reliance. But these values could likewise promote conformity and absolutist thinking, which, in turn, could result in groups which view delirium as the only way to attain their objectives. When female historians write about the lives of queens, manners and everyday life, it is not because they want to come up with irrelevant accounts of the past.Rather, they exactly want to show how seemingly unimportant persons, events and or ideas are the ones that make a bigger impact on society as a whole.References Barnes and Noble. (2009). The Travels of Marco Polo Forewords & Introductions. Retrieved January 30, 2009, from http//search. barnesandnoble. com/The-Travels-of- Marco-Polo/Marco-Polo/e/9780760765890 Chowdhry, S. DinarStandard. (2006, October 4). Ibn Khalduns Philosophy of Managem ent and Work Excerpts from the Muqaddimah. Retrieved January 30, 2009, from http//dinarstandard. com/management/IbnKhaldun_Mgmt100206. htm Lach, D.F. (1994). Asia in the Making of Europe. Chicago University of Chicago Press. MNSU. edu. (n. d. ). Yuan Dynasty. Retrieved January 29, 2009, from http//www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/later_imperial_china/yuan. html On Distance. (2006, October 16). The Desert and the City. Retrieved January 30, 2009, from http//woodeneyes. wordpress. com/category/ibn-khaldun/ Polo, M. (1997). The Travels of Marco Polo (Benjamin Colbert, Trans. ). Wordsworth Wade UK. (n. d. ). Smith, B. G. (1998). The Gender of History Men, Women and Historical Practice. Cambridge Harvard University Press.

Eliezer’s Relationship with His Father Essay

In his book, Night, Elie Wiesel spoke about his experience as a young Jewish boy in the Nazi concentration camps. During this turbulent meter period, Elie described the horrifying notwithstandingts that he lived through and how that affected the relationship with his father. Throughout the book, Elie and his fathers relationship faced many obstacles. In the beginning, Elie and his father turn over much respect for one another and at the end of the book, that relationship became a lading and a feeling of guilt. Their relationship took a great doorbell on them throughout their journey in the concentration camps.As the story begins, Wiesel said, My father was a cultured man, rather unsentimental. He rarely displayed his feelings, not even with his family, and was more involved with the welfare of others than with that of his own kind. Chlomo, Elies father, was well respected in the Jewish community of Sighet. In Sighet, numerous members of the community came to outfit with him for many unknown reasons. Wiesel felt that his father devoted too much time to make others happy and not enough to time with his own family.When Elie decided to take his studies of religion into greater exploration, his father dismissed his idea and claimed that he was too young. This is proof that the two did not leave a strong bail bond but many different views of how to do things in life. Their lives took a turn for the worst when the Wiesel family were forcefully taken and placed into cattle cars to Auschwitz, a concentration camp. Elies view began to change and he started to see his father as someone who he admires and did not want to lose. As the family arrived at Birkenau they are given the grade Women and children to the left.Men to the right. Elie was young and could have gone with either his mother and sister or father, but instead he decided to stay with his father who would have stayed both by himself if Elie had not joined him. At this moment, he cognise that he mus t hold on to his father in order for them to plump this nightmare. On their arrival at the camp, Elies father has an attack of colic and asked where the toilets where located. The Gypsy who was in charge, punched his father with such intensity that he fell checkmate and squirmed back to his place in line. I stood petrified. What had happed to me?My father had just been struck, in front of me, and I had not even blinked. I had watched and kept silent. Wiesel goes through a rollercoaster of emotions when dealing with his father. At times, Chlomo became his only hope and the only reason that he did not die. At other times, he felt that his father was a burden and was pulling him down. He couldnt march well or keep up with the others. Through all of this despair and anguish their bond became stronger than ever. When the Russians were close to Buna the Germans move up all the prisoners they could and evacuated the camp.Elie was in the infirmary due to an infection on his foot, but al l he could think about was staying close to his father. They had already suffered and endured so much that it was not the time to be separated. After many days of running, marching, and a long train ride under horrendous weather they reached Buchenwald. By then Elies father was already sick and weak. The sirens began to wail and they were chased into the blocks. At this point, sleep was all that mattered to Elie, not his father. When Wiesel awoke the next morning he realized that he had forgotten his father and went out to look for him.He thought if he didnt find him he would be able to use all his strength to continue his fight for survivalInstantly, I felt ashamed, ashamed of myself forever. Before his father died, Elie only heard his name Eliezer. Wiesel became haunted by this experience and tells the horrific events of the Holocaust hoping that no other person will ever have to experience a situation with their family like this again. In the end, Elie Wiesel who survived this i ndescribable experience of the Holocaust learned that even in tough times small indifferences dont seem to matter.

Poetry changed alongside wider society Essay

We learn that Arnold can no longer draw rest from the sea of faith or religion which encompassed him and like the folds of a bright girdle furled. Instead, the coast and sea is an analogy for religious trend. Christianity is ebbing away because of scientific dispatch. This results is the naked shingles of the world a place that is unprotected and fragile with no supreme power to guide man. This confusion is emphasized the informality of its structure.The insufficiency of a coherent rhythm and rhyme scheme creates the illusion of tide, But now I only hear, Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, Retreating to the breath, which swashes and washes along the coast just like the divers(prenominal) line lengths. As we can see, Arnold is hesitant of change and acceptance for him results in apprehension.This is unusual in the sense that, conventionally, acceptance results in peace of mind. Ironically, in divinitys Grandeur, when Hopkins refutes absolute science, he is more buoyant and c heerful towards which is not the usual characteristics of denial. In the poem, despite the fall of contemporary Victorian society, nature is never spent and permeates the world with the dearest of freshness. Hopkins conveys an image of god being a regenerative force who is able to bring morning following the last lights of the black west. He is defiant of the theory of evolution and instead believes in the holy ghost. Gods Grandeur ends with World broods with warm breast and with ah Bright wings. This imagery is inspired with hope and resembles the techniques by Romantic poets where an animal would be used as the vehicle to escape misery for example the skylark in Keats poem. On the other hand, Dover beech tree is not optimistic but instead shares the pessimism associated with poems in the 1900.Arnold depicts the world as a stagnant site with neither joy, nor love nor light. In the last stanza, he talks personally to his wife Ah, love, let us be true In a place of no faith, Arno ld wishes to pin their faith on distributively other- the language becomes poetic with a series of semantically related adjectives So various, so beautiful, so new The Victorians lived through a time of change merely change in the near future results in neither certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain. This apprehension is felt by Arnold who is swept with confused alarms the complete antithesis of Hopkins.

Brave New World Speech

In 1932, a prophetic young novelist warned with cautioning irony, of a genetically engineered dystopian society. He warned of a world w here(predicate) military personnel had conquered nature, where individualism had fallen to conformity and where political power had achieved total social get wind. He warned of an age where God, poetry, passion and most of all freedom had disappe ared from right at a lower place tender-hearteditys nose. And finally, he warned of a time when civilization had seemingly turned into robotic life forms, lacking any clear understanding of morals or ethics it had run low essentially soulless.Read thisRespiratory ActivityIn this make-believe universe, mankind had succeeded in eliminating disease, aggression, war and suffering. This dauntless New World had achieved community, identity, stability and a skinny universal contentment only to be inhabited by creatures of forgiving shape only if stunted forgivingity. Esteemed colleagues of the scientific world, I am here to inform you that this once distant future has now arrived right at our very doorstep. The question I propose is What do we do near it? The Pill. Invitro Fertilisation. Bottled embryos. foster wombs. Organ harvesting.Brain implants. Ritalin for the young, Viagra for the old and Prozac for every atomic number 53 in mingled with. But, out of all these scientific innovations, I proclaim that genetic engineering poses the greatest threat to our way of life. Genetic engineering is what I see as an unbridled journey down an incredibly slippery slope. I warn you today, that human procreation is steadily macrocosm replaced by the idea of manufacturing our progeny. Unless this concept is reversed, mankinds movement toward Aldous Huxleys Hatcheries and Michael Bays Island must surely prove irrevocable.Given the intricacies of the human mind, we doubtless possess the latent for reproducing, someday, to the exact specifications, a human person. But should we? Should we re ally take the first step? Should we really abandon the old-fashioned genetic roulette of sexual gentility and replace the variegated human race with identical replicas of carefully chosen, ideal human genotypes? So far the scientific world has said no. Moreover, we put one across witnessed an enthralling revolution in history, in which the rapid advancement of technology has allowed us to push back the constraints of human existence.I am of course, lecture about the birth of Dolly the sheep. Now Dolly is no ordinary sheep. Yes, she may look like one and act no different to her fellows in the flock, but Dolly was cloned cloned only nine short years ago. They said for centuries that it could never be done that it was just not possible, and tampering with DNA would only impart to expected failure. But we did it barely seven decades after the publication of Huxleys frightening foresight. After Dollys conception, the whole world was thrown into a raging whirlpool of idolise and anx iety, enquiring just how long it would be before humans were subjected to the same fate.For now, ethicists have taken the reigns in this debate and have stood firm against any form of human genetic engineering support. But the colossal wheel of accomplishment is forever turning and this breakthrough scientific sensation has reminded us that it cannot simply be stopped. Thus, the sizeableness of ethical boundaries must be continually stressed and highlighted. As a man of science, I am not here to dissuade you from pursuing scientific grandeur. I am only here to alert you of the abhorrent effects that will no doubt present themselves to humanity should the unrestrained research of copy continue.Now, what is at issue is nothing less than whether procreation is going to remain human, whether children are going to be made rather than begotten, and whether it is the right choice, humanly speaking, to distinguish yes to the road which leads, at best, to the dehumanized rationality of B rave New World. What we have here, ladies and gentlemen, is not business as usual, to be fretted about for a composition and then given our seal of approval not the least because it appears to be different. Instead, the future of humanity may hang in the balance.I am talking to you about a decision whose consequences will undoubtedly affect your children and your childrens children. The debate regarding genetic engineering is much more than than just an argument about one more step in assisted reproduction. This is in actuality one of those critical moments where the human race gets a chance to think about the bigger brief the much bigger picture. Im not just speaking of genetics and what is the meaning of mother and father or kinship, but also the whole relationship between science and society and our future attitude towards technology.Cloning provides an occasion as well as the urgent necessity of deciding whether we shall be slaves of an unregulated mental process and ultima tely its artefacts or whether we shall remain free individuals to guide our techniques towards the enhancement of human dignity. After all it was Huxley himself who quoted Every discovery in science is potentially incitive even science must sometimes be treated as a possible enemy. You may disregard this speech as nothing more than mere scare-tactics, but am I really that foolish to question a world built on the foundations of totalitarianism and complete control.Ladies and gentlemen, have you bury the rise and fall of Communism, the movements of both Nazism and Stalinism as well the one-child policy enforced by the Chinese government? In this age of entertainment, when philosophical and theological questions are pushed aside as too difficult or too deep, cloning brings us face to face with our perception of what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. We have sex in a consumerist society where the relentless pursuit of youth has already enslaved the minds of the Western world.We want to live longer, be happier, appear more beautiful and own as much materialistic junk as we possibly can. The idea of ageing gracefully is thrown out the window and replaced by the new and improved concept of cosmetic surgery and designer babies. Truly, we do seem to have accepted the Brave New World belief that shutdown is better than mending. What we have is never enough. We say that globalisation within the last fifty years has become the pinnacle agent of socialisation, but at what cost to our future?It looks as though the Big-Brother style binding of the mass media has only aided in making us feel lonelier and more dissatisfy with our very existence. This dog-eat-dog world has wrongly underpinned the notion that each man is in control of his own universe. As people of science, it is essential we realise who has the authority to control who. A most memorable Huxley quote is The greater a mans talent, the greater is hi s power to lead astray.I strongly urge you to look at these past examples of repression and tyranny as valuable lessons on what eventuates when substantial power is given to only a select few. Finally it must be said, that at the end of the day, I find cloning morally and aesthetically completely unacceptable. Perhaps at the heart of my repugnance is a curious paradox, asking why it is that although it would be fun to have a Beethoven, Marilyn Monroe or Einstein living on my block, the idea of having hundreds or thousands of their replicas in town is an absolute nightmare?The reason, I propose, is the generally shared belief in the uniqueness of our human soul. Even though the soul is incorporeal and in truth has little relevance to the laboratory, its honor to the majority of humankind, is still of utmost importance. By perfecting the technique of genetic engineering you are unfairly playing the role of God. Who are you to decide which genetic sins are capital offences against the Holy Ghost of Health?And yet, those in favour of cloning claim that it is nothing more than an extension of what breeders of plants and animals had been doing for thousands of years and, indeed, what nature itself did through evolution. They vie that to oppose human genetic engineering, is to betray the western dream of the City of God. All utopian visionaries, from Thomas More to Karl Marx, think of their perfect societies as being populated not by men but by angels that embody all of the best and none of the worst human attributes comparable to that of an Alpha Plus.So I shall leave you to think of this Today we are quick to notice dangers to life, risks of discrimination or exploitation of the poor and the interferences with anyones pursuit of pleasure, but we are obliviously lascivious to recognize threats to our own human dignity and to ways in which the very sanctity of life is placed in danger. The future possibilities in the world of science are incredible however the ne ed for caution in the field of genetic engineering research is essential if we want to continue owning personal freedom.It was ceremonious by Aldous Huxley that it is only by means of the sciences of life, that the quality of life can be radically changed. Even though our Prozac is not yet the Brave New Worlds soma, our dividing of human embryos is not exactly Bokanovskification and our MTV is not quite the feelies, the similarity between Huxleys fictional world and ours is disquieting, especially since I believe that our technology has not yet reached its bio-technological peak. Just remember, the admirable actions that men perform can be made complete only by the actions they refuse to pursue.

Online enrollment system Essay

An Online Enrollment System was proposed for the enhancement of the current enrollment system of Bulacan engineering school College (BPC). The study aimed at creating a system that would provide another option for enrolling and that would compensate for the schools pretermit of manpower and time-consuming system. The system contains stores information such as class schedules, pre-requisites, subject and other data needed in the system. The proposed system caters to old, freshmen, transferees and shiftees with the following services subject evaluation, add and update profile. The system lessens the enrollment time, speeds up file management, and minimizes inaccuracies and errors. Thesis Project DescriptionThe study aimed at creating a system that would provide another option for enrolling and that would compensate for the schools lack of manpower and time consuming system. The study sought to develop an Online Enrollment System that would enables the students, faculty, and administ rators of the institution to gain access to the proposed system via client computer and to compound the different function and solutions needed for the current enrollment system with the proposed system by constantly evaluating and revising the prototype to meet the requirements of the institution.Background of the ProjectThe Bulacan Polytechnic College (BPC) was originally known as the Bulacan Public Community College (BPCC). It was established upon the approval of the Secretary of the Education on June 8, 1971 and started operations in 1972. The approval came under the leadership of Governor Ignacio (Nacing) Santiago and the principal of Marcelo H. Del Pilar High School (MHPHS) Miss.Juana E. Ladia, who took the roles as the first school administrator. On September 29, 1997 by virtue of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolution function 97 550, the Provincial Government of Bulacan changed the name of BPCC to the Bulacan Polytechnic College (BPC) and the same time approved its Cha rter to provide vocational and technical instruction, and entrepreneurship education. Enrollment continued to increase.The spirit of instruction improved dramatically, which can be attributed to the enhanced capabilities of the instructors, improved facilities and library holdings, and modified curriculum. For an institution that has the resolute desire to promote quality education, the never closedown search for excellence becomes the primary aim. The thrust of the institution is to edify and empower the learners with the vocational and technical skills to make them economically self sufficient and creatively responsive to the needs in a true environment they live.Current systemOld and new students need to fill up application forms like pre-enrollment Forms, and leave input validated ID and registration forms to the department of enrollment officers. The current enrollment system needs that information to process the enrollment of the students. Then, the system will yield va lidated ID number and registration forms and will also devote the official enrollment form to the enrollees. On the administrator side, the current system will generate student master list of a specific schedule to the faculty assigned.Comparison of the Approach to other ApproachesA Description of the Application or software package ComponentA Brief Description of the Technology ChoicesWork PlanAssumptionRiskGlossaryBibliography

Alternative fuel for cars – Research Proposal

This research object is written for proposing further research on the sufficient and economic entirelyy sustainable alternative fuel for cars. This ponder was taken as need of hour to cast down the greet towards inunct imports and control pollution, which if not controlled without delay, will lead to worst Global Warming. Basically this proposal is based on the current and projected car population. To be sustainable and economical, the researcher has taken the study envisaging on the car market. The cars are major attributors to emission. Since car population density is directly proportional to the pitying population density, there will be more harm to the people.Car population and juttings Number of cars in the development adult male will increase 300% between 1995 and 2020. The growth in automobile population is outgrowth at slightly little than twice the rate of the human population in North the States and Western Europe. The growth of cars in developing countries is proliferating due to economic boom. There have been no oil field discoeries since 1988 and there will be a global decline in oil action within 15 to 20 long time. It is projected that by 2020 there will be puff up over 1. 1 billion motor vehicles (cars) in the world. Riley, R (cc6). military man car population. Retrieved April 7, 2008, clear site http//www. rqriley. com/sld002. htm There were 200 million cars in 1970 and 500 million cars in 1990. During 1997 there were 600 million cars and by 2027 the projection is forked the figure of 1997 data. Elert, G (2003). Number of cars. Retrieved April 7, 2008, electronic network site http//hypertextbook. com/facts/2001/MarinaStasenko. shtml Current Global warming and its effect and projection CO2 had varied only about 5 percent from the last ice age (10,000 years ago) to the industrial revolution year in the last century.The CO2 level in melodic line from the industrial revolution year to 2030 is estimated to be doubled. That means w ithin 150 years, the CO2 level in atmosphere will be doubled. Main reason and one of the biggest single contributors for this change is emission from the burning of fogey fuels. We were able to control emissions by 95% in the last 20 years by the fix of art emission control systems and research on fuel ingredients which resulted to lesser emissions. But looking at the projected car population the advantage gained through the emission control will be wiped take out in a decade. Riley, R (2006).World car population. Retrieved April 7, 2008, Web site http// www. rqriley. com/moma2. htm Different alternative fuels Merits and Demerits Ethanol Produced from starch crops like corn and other crops like sugar beets, minte or cellulose materials, fast growing trees and grasses. It produces less green house mishandle emissions than conventional fuel. One third of US gasoline contains ethanol in a low level blend to reduce air pollution. The disadvantage is, it gives lesser mileage because of its decline energy content than straight petrol. Bio diesel Produced from vegetable oils and animal fats.It produces less air pollution than oil based diesel. Production is expensive. Cost can be brought done by doing research. No need to modify the engines. Good lubricant to the engine. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-Fossil fuel, generates less air pollutants. It is expensive. Compressed natural gas (CNG) It produces very low level of pollution. Available refuelling station is still a problem. The storage place in the car occupies more space. Not able to go long distance because of refuelling station accessibility problem. Hydrogen-It can be produced from fossil fuels, nuclear power or from renewable resources like hydropower.Fuel cell vehicles powered by pure hydrogen emit no harmful air pollutants. Methanol It is also known as wood alcohol. Methanol is produced by a process using natural gas as a feedstock. It will contaminate ground water. It gives very less mileage. E lectricity-It is very silent and no pollution at all. The cost of Vehicle fitted with electric motor is in higher side, the battery charging time is too long. It takes still 8-10 hours to fully charge. The cost of running the car is very cheap. It is only good for city riding with lesser kilometre. For a long distance, it cannot be used because recharging is required for every 150 km.Hybrid cars- It uses combination of small essential combustion engine and an electric motor. It switches between IC engine and electric motors depending on the terrains and speeds. The cars with this type of understanding are getting popular. The good example for this is Toyota Prius Ron giles (2006), Web source to Babyboomers, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World wide of the mark Webhttp//www. babyboomersguide. co. nz/Articles/ secondary+Fuels. html Methodology The above said alternate fuels are under continuous research and until now no breakthrough outcomes has been implementation.The problems with the above fuels are the cost of production of fuel itself. It is costlier than petrol and diesel, the performance does not match with the existing petrol and diesel engines, engine qualifying cost is too high to deem the alternative fuel, refilling, recharging and dispersion problem exists. Hence there is no practical breakthrough yet. Already all car manufacturers have invested huge money, time and effort in developing engines for performance and getting succeeded in terms of better torque, noise level, better pickup and mileage.To cope up with this, the research should be operational and down to earth without any major investment. My proposal My proposal is for Bio Diesel. The reason for selecting for further research is, it is viable, useable and affordable alternative fuel with no major research cost comparing with research cost of other alternative fuels. By using Bio Diesel there is no pollution problem, no modification of existing car engines for using the same. On ly slight adjustments required. It lubricates the engines thus gives longer life to it. The existing distribution system of petrol pumps can be used.It performs better at par with petrol and diesel. It is very safe(p) in transportation better than petrol and diesel because of high flash point. Bio Diesel works well with new technologies such as catalysts. The areas where the research is required is only on ensuring abundant economical availability of the inputs and reducing cost of production by looking into the process . This researcher strongly recommends research on Bio Diesel as future alternative fuel for cars to control the petrol, diesel prices and reduce emission which threatens in the form of Global Warming.References Web extension to National Biodiesel Board, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. biodiesel. org/ Web extension to Bio Diesel Now, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World Wide Webhttp//www. biodieselnow. com/ Ron giles. (2006). Web extensio n to Babyboomers, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World Wide Webhttp//www. babyboomersguide. co. nz/Articles/ selection+Fuels. html Web extension to Car Stuff, Retrived April 7,2008 from the World Wide Webhttp//www. car-stuff. com/carlinks/future. htm About. Inc. (2008). Web extension to About.comcars, Retrieved April,7 2008 from world web http//cars. about. com/od/alternativetransport/ US Department of Energy. (2007, November,20), Web extension to Alternative and Advanced fuels , Retrived April 7, 2008 from the World enormous web http//www. eere. energy. gov/afdc/fuels/ Edumands Inc. (2007). Web extension to Chinas car boomPrivately owned car, Retrived April 7, 2008 from World Wide Web http//www. edmunds. com/insideline/do/News/articleId=121598 Fuel Economy (2007),Web extension to Alternative fuels, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from World Wide Web http//www. fueleconomy.gov/Feg/current. shtml Hydrogen boost. (2007). Web extension to What is the Hydrogen-Boost Mileage Enhancement Syste m? Retrieved April 7, 2008 from World Wide Web www. hydrogen-boost. com/ About. Com (2008). Web extension to Alternative fulesyoure your car and gasoline saving, Retrived April 7,2008 from World Wide Web,http//saveenergy. about. com/od/fuelingyourautomobile/Alternative_Fuels_for_your_Car_and_Gasoline_Savings. htm About. Com (2008). Web extension to Bio Diesel, Retrived April 7,2008 from http//saveenergy. about. com/od/fuelingyourautomobile/g/biodiesel. htm

Attrition in Pharma Industry Essay

Insights of rubbing rate of aesculapian representatives in Pharma companies and innovative ways to improve them.OverviewAttrition refers to the reduction in staff and employees of beau monde by normal means. The primary focus is to present the high attrition rate seen in the pharmaceutical market industry, its causes and controlling strategy for retention of Pharma gross revenue representatives. Though attrition is a natural phenomena in all industries, Indian Pharma marketing industries is worst plagued by it. After IT and BPO, Pharma marketing industries fetch the greatest rate of employee leaving the community for various reasons.While global Pharma marketing attrition rate is 10-12% per annum, the rate of employees who conduct the organization in India is 25 -30 %. The attrition is more prevalent in the middle and junior management level, due to which majority of the companies brook understood the criticality of endowment fund management. belongings is always a big ch allenge for any organization in todays term frame. Indian Pharma companies have started paying attention towards the retainment and management of the Medical Representatives to gain key and important employees back into the attach to. High attrition rate of MR happens due to following reasons1) External figures The demand of fresh talent is more. The companies atomic number 18 looking for fresh talent to incorporate tonic ideas replete(p)ly the supply is very slight, life history view point of many young people to join as MR is just to prevent the founder Gap in their career path. The demand-supply imbalance leads to significant efforts to retain and attract a skilled Medical Representative. This has led to higher salary hikes in the Pharma sector than most early(a) sectors .This is clearly a challenge in an industry which is very knowledge and relationship driven. 2) Internal factors It has been observed that many MR leave their job during the first 3 months itself du e to the reasons give care they were not serious about their job, They were overqualified and lost pursual in their job, They might even be under-qualified and felt bogged down by the challenges of the job, They lack motivation, line up less growth in career path, Monotonous work, limitedtraining and development opportunities, working environment as intumesce salary and compensation becomes an important issue in some cases etc.Now to visualise the global competitiveness Pharma companies have transformed their survival strategy to competitive strategy as a result there is huge pressures on the shoulder of medical representatives for higher secondary gross revenue achievement and thereby constantly poking the field force which eventually leads to attrition. So the people vary organizations frequently. Similarly poor management is withal one of the key factors responsible for leaving the organizations. There is a popular saying employee leaves the boss not the organizations. P oor management includes lack of support to the employee, lack of ingenuous career growth ladder, adverse relation amongst the boss and subordinates, lack of motivation. Psychological relationship between leaders and employee is very crucial for sticking of employee in a particular organization.Thus, Organization culture to a fault plays a significant role in sticking of Pharma sales representative in the akin company for long run. Retention of the talented employees is always the most important agenda for any company to grow. Sometimes monetary benefits can help as by recent survey it was shown that more and more medical representatives are moving in insurance, telecommunications etc as they are paid double in those sectors but only monetary benefits are not sufficient to retain them it ultimately becomes a hygiene factor in talent management. Thus looking for new methods for attracting, motivating and retaining them becomes very important.Being the first credit spot manager fe w suggestions to reduce attrition rate 1. Treat employees as you like to be case-hardenedTreating and handling the employee with appreciation and care is most necessary. While addressing or pointing out their problems they shouldnt be criticized and instead should be explained in a courteous manner. The sales representative undergoes a lot of pressures and tensions regarding the achievement of targeted sales so, they should be motivated continuously and should be dealt in same manner as the first line manager or other seniors would like to be treated. Incentives like give free periodic locomotion passes, movie tickets, etc. can be given.2. Ask employees for their opinions and implement the good ideas Having equal contribution from the entire sales force representatives can have an impact over representatives mind that their ideas and thoughts are valued and are taken into consideration when need arises. Having certain schemes for bringing about certain new ideas to profit the sa les level should be implemented, this shall bring about a flow of innovative ideas and also execution of those ideas depart bring about a sense of dignity among employee.3. Reward those that go in a higher place and beyond the call of duty Certain incentives can be granted when a particular sales representative works excellently and achieves sales beyond the targeted levels. There could also be certain cases when an employee performs or outdoes something which wasnt achieved by any employee in the company before, for that he should be acknowledged well and should be awarded like salesman of the year, highest target achiever, fastest target achiever, etc. and they should be felicitated in front of the whole company instead of felicitating through emails.4. Take very good care of your star performers or someone else will Taking good care of star performers is very essential. Their qualities maybe unique and selling strategies might be very effective. Interacting and making them comf ortable about their job shall retain the employee in the company and chances of him leaving the company for another might reduce to some extent. If they are performing really well incentives like contrasted trips, etc. can be given.5. Communicate with your staffSales peoples sometimes facial expression that the company doesnt care enough for them. So, the higher level executives can make a point to interact with them at a time and get a knowhow about what problems they are facing on the field and other certain issues. First line manager should always communicate through all the sessions with severally employee and have discussion regarding all the sales meet and problems related to those the sales rep mightve had.6. Hold absquatulate level meetings to make sure that youre Managers/Directorsare treating their staff correctly Skip level meetings by higher ups can bring about more peachy hearting in the employee they might feel the concern and guardianship from top executives. Thi s shall further charge and motivate them for the tasks they perform.7. Build career planning for each employeeIf employee wants to pursue further education the company can help by providing him admission in collaborated institutions- seamster made courses as well as sponsoring its education thus meeting the need of the employee which motivates him as well as help the company in retaining him.8. Bring about job rotation and more growth opportunities Giving growth opportunities like promotion and assigning certain new functionalities in the job shall increase the overall knowledge about the sales rep and also he wont feel monotonous about the work hes been performing. This shall give in-depth knowledge about other functions in the company and shall thereby increase the understanding of the employee about working of the other sectors in company.9. Making them feel like family fragmentThe employees of the company should be treated as the assets and they must be treated like a family m ember. Salesperson job is mostly to work out of the company, in such cases wishing them on their birthdays, anniversaries, etc. can be done. Also, paying visit or giving condolences to the MR on death of his family member can make him feel concerned and a part of family.10. Optimizing target policiesInstead of having fixed monthly targets, the sales targets could be designed individually by looking through their past month performances. Depending on that each month the targeted sales could be increased or optimized depending upon past months performance. This shall bring about an upmarket in sales level too.ConclusionThus for retaining MR the first line manager should focus on each and every step right from the recruitment, to training and development, rewards and appraisals even fulfilling the needs of MR as all of these travel play a crucial role in motivating and keeping him attracted towards his job.

Psychological Testing Essay

The Kaufman judgement Battery for Children government notes simultaneous and sequential processing skills as well as subscales that measure academic achievement. The mount range this sort investigates is be ons 2-12 age. There argon ten mental processing sub quizs as well as six achievement sub footraces. Only three of the sub screens atomic subjugate 18 administered to both ages chemical concourses, making the sub- interrogation age-specific. The older the child in question, the longer the analyzes pull up stakes take. The sequential processing scale measures short term memory and problem solvent is organized around sequences.The simultaneous scale measures several problems that need to be solved at the alike(p) clipping. Achievement scales measure applied skills of the several(prenominal). b) Intelligence in children of preschool age is very unstable whereas their wisdom begins to stabilize as they reach school age. The estimation tools for infants argon varian t to school-going children in the sense that they measure evolution sort of than academic foundations. These mental proveings measure how quickly the child is developing in terms of motor skills, linguistic development, adaptive behavior and social interaction.It has to be given that school-aged children support a higher vocabulary and computer address communication skill that can be better tested than the infant who is still using monosyllabic noises rather than words. Motor skills also develop more rapidly as well as argument skills. c) affable age does not refer to the actual age of the somebody in question. A person with a mental age of 5 years may actually except be 4 years chronologically and vice versa. Due to this anomaly, data derived from IQ examen does not follow a bell-curve on data sheets. The excursus IQ is implemented to smooth out inconsistencies.Instead of actual scores, the person is allocated a percentile score so that it can be placed more realisticall y on a ex wishion curve chart. Mental age does not necessarily increase oer time in the same way that chronological age does and this age difference gradually decreases around adolescence. For these reasons a deviation IQ is used as opposed to actual raw scores. d) Originally named the Binet-Simon test, the Testing underwent several revisions over time with the most significant change being that it included the first Intelligence Quotient after 1916 when it became the Stanford-Binet test.The Binet-Simon test was initially used to determine the knowledge of retarded children, came to the conclusion that rather than portraying a chronological age, the children displayed a mental age instead. The 1986 version of the test include a wider perimeter sample group in order to decrease inequities that occurred in race and gender previously. It had been engineered for children alone but in 2003 was amend to accommodate adults as well. Design changes were made also to accommodate and measure behavior at age levels.e) changeful and crystallized intelligence some(prenominal) socio-economic class part of general intelligence. Fluid intelligence relates to reasoning and problem solving and is largely thought of as being independent of learning or get laid. It is hence an inherent or instinctual intelligence. Crystallized intelligence on the other hand refers to the intelligence that you gain from experience and what you realize learnt in life. This intelligence is something that increases with age due to experiences and the assimilation of knowledge through what we kick in learned.Fluid intelligence in that respectfore decreases with age and peaks during adolescence while crystallized intelligence will continue to grow. f) The general intelligence f actor (g-factor) is meant to be a measurement of the persons overall intelligence. The two-factor theory was initiated by Spearman who derived a g-factor from two functions a generalized competency and a specific migh tiness. Therefore according to Spearman a persons intelligence could be determined by a general intelligence as well as a specific intelligence (s-factor). Multi-factor intelligence theories implement the separate office to be intelligent in unlike orbital cavitys.Thurstone found that in that respect were eight-fold aras in which a person could display intelligence and derived 7 factors that he called primary abilities word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial concept, numerical facilitation, memory by tie-up, reasoning and perceptual speed. g) undivided tests acquire one-one-one consultation and measure verbal and non-verbal abilities. The Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler tests both require this environment. Group tests are most oft propagation administered to large groups and do no require one-on-one consultation. These tests are most a good deal aptitude tests or cognitive abilities.Scoring in these terms is most often more objective than in individual tests and also simplify the role of the coordinator. Group testing is not culture-specific as opposed to individual testing which can be more culturally loaded and also more subjective. It is not as patrician to establish a relationship with the person in a group testing environment as it is when the person is tested individually. h) Army alpha and beta tests were prototypes initially used in group testing to place soldiers during the First World War. Alpha groups were those who were proficient in the English language.Those who were not initially considered alpha groups were those who were placed in beta groups who were intelligent but not native English speakers. This hypothesis was that quite a littles intelligence was inherited. This method was first used to identify where in the army the person was seeming to be placed, given their responses to the tests and the results. The beta test decreased its use of verbal knowledge presumably because they are non-English and it used mainly pictograp hic references. i) Aptitude and achievement tests are both standardized. Aptitude testing assesses the ability of the person to learn in definite areas.These tests are developed in order to determine which field of proficiency the person is most likely to excel in. These also measure numerical and literal ability as well as mechanical and abstract reasoning. Achievement tests on the other hand measure how well a person has achieved a skill. It is mostly used to ascertain academic levels and therefore is multipurpose in determining whether a person is inherently able to learn something or not. An aptitude test will be able to validate that a person is most likely to achieve exceedingly in a certain area and not as highly in others.j) The Wechsler Intelligence get over for Children is an individual test that does not require reading or writing. It measures verbal intelligence and response times which can be useful in the diagnosis of Attention Deficits or other such disorders/ ano malous postures. This form of testing is significant in that it supplies the coordinator with in pution as to how fast the child can imbibe and react to questions. It also ascertains the quality and efficiency of vocabulary as well as word processing. The test is significant also in that t determines the respondents concentration levels and possible problems in their solicitude span.This is useful in that answers require verbal reactions. k) Physical disability does not necessarily mean that there will be discrepancies in the IQ of the person. Testing a person who is deaf for instance, requires a contrasting approach to testing as well as a disparate means for the test. These individuals need a non-verbal found test and verbal ability is therefore a non-entity in their testing. A blind person on the other hand will not benefit from spatially based tests or units that require sight. The tests used to identify IQ would have to be verbally based and not pictorial.This considered, a speech impaired individual will also not have the same verbal component as someone who is able to speak. However, this does not mean that a mute person is not able to attend verbal interjection. For this reason, the IQ test has to be tailored to the specific disability glowed by the individual. l) Certain cultures boost some skills more than they do others. The culture fair test is non-verbal and does not therefore test linguistic perceiveing insomuch as if the person tested is not an English speaker, they cannot be expected to understand English word and sentence mental synthesis.The culture fair test therefore measures analytical and reasoning ability and makes use of abstract and unusual visual spatial pictographs. From this the spatial and pictorial re shewations are believed to be frequent to all cultures and thus understood well from one culture to the next. It was initially meant to reduce cultural or ethnic bias that can be produced when a test is designed to be eff ect for a certain culture. It is also independent of educational foundations and therefore measures inherent skill rather than acquired skills.2 a) genius testing identifies certain traits inherently part of an individuals psychological make-up. These tests basically help you determine what temperament attributes you have and therefore help to identify what life history types may be more pertinent to whom. Aspects of the personality often denote what particular attributes the personality has and thus what lifestyle s better suited to whom. Jung and Myers-Briggs typology identify different personality types that are said to help the individual determine their best career path. The ability test measures a persons ability to learn new skills and also their potential in certain fields.Ability tests also seek to ascertain what the person has learnt or assimilated in terms of whatever they are studying, for example, school tests. b) Personality traits are characteristics of the individ ual and certain personality qualities that are inherent to the person. There are theories that propose that all traits are present in all sight but to varying degrees (lesser or more). Idiographic personality trait view maintains that each person has a unique psychological structure that is not shared by anyone else. For this reason, it is impossible to compare any two quite a little.The nomothetic view however, sees people as unique in their combination of traits. This means that while they do share personality traits to non-homogeneous degrees this can be compared by degrees of each trait in comparable people. c) Items are chosen depending on the specific group that is being studied. For example, screening of normal behavior in police officer applicants will be given items that pertain to the criminal justice system. The group is split into two one group is what the coordinator would think of as displaying abnormal reactions/behavior and the other would be normal.Items are dist ributed equally in both groups and reactions towards the stimuli are recorded. The empirical criterion aboriginal does not assume that respondents are able to observe their confess behavior but rather sees the objects or items as stimuli that require a response. Those they believe to be normal are used as a scale by which abnormal behavior can be compared. d) Forced-choice format gives a more well-rounded result then standard testing. The forced choice format basically allows the respondent one of two statements that they most likely agree with.The advantage of this is that it not only gives an accurate representation of reality, but it prevents the choice from becoming monotonous. It is easier to score these kinds of questions than if the respondent was asked multiple choice questions. As a design this format prevents the respondent from being consciously manipulated and therefore makes sure that the answers are truthful. This form of questionnaire is also shorter, preventing the individual from becoming tired and losing focus on the questions that are being asked.This prevents answers from becoming distorted. e) chemical reaction sets or response style refers to the persons propensity to answer the same response for all or most of the questions. For instance, if the person responded yes to the above question and then yes again, regardless of the nature of the question. This is usually counterpoised in tests because there are times when the person is biased towards a certain question based on its contents. Counterbalancing this response requires the same question to be asked in a different way and later in the questionnaire.This situation of response bias is also termed acquiescence as the person performs this unconsciously or with lack of following in the nature of the questions. f) Factor analysis is used to describe variables in a research situation. For instance, we have a research questionnaire that we now have to translate into data specific terms . We have the variables that were studied and the scores for each variable. In psychometric intelligence testing we could have any number of variables that determine the overall factor.An example of this would be that while we are aware that there are multiple factors within the intelligence study, all these factors contribute to the g-factor or general intelligence factor. In this case g is the only factor that is common in all persons. What this analysis does is ascertain what particular factors which people are most affiliated with. Basically we could determine which factor is specific to which person. g) Objective self reporting methods of personality assessment is based on standardized questionnaires with limited responses available as well as a fixed scoring system.It is based on nomothetic principles and is therefore less ambiguous then the liberalist methods. Progressive personality assessment techniques use intuitive responses and the intuitive scoring is also use. This pe rsonality assessment is based on idiographic principles which make it entirely different to the objective method. The problem with progressive techniques is that there is no fixed scoring system, however the problem with the objective method is that it does not leave inhabit for intuitive or interpretive responses which are natural human conditions.h) Word connexion tests require the coordinator to present the group or person with a word. The person responds to this with the first word that comes to mind. This is a free association and therefore does not give the person the chance to think about their answer. A table measures the test word, the response time and the response. Responses to the words can be either the opposite in meaning an association with the word (green-yellow) or even a definitive answer. The basis of this test is that it provides a pattern of how the individual sees words and how they associate with things.The association of about 100 words will give the coordi nator a pattern of response that can be determined as normal, abnormal or as an anomaly. Most people will have a set pattern of responses. i) The interaction between a need and a press is called a thema. There is a need that is ensued by a press. To simplify this, Murray identified 28 needs and forces that press them into fruition. This makes the relationship interactive and determined by this interaction is the thema. The thema therefore can be linked to other units of these interactions to form serial thema.The greatest portion of the persons thema is dependent on the amount of press and needs that are present in that specific thema. This theory is used to determine personality types that are identified by specific needs and forces of press. Murray conducted this typology on Adolf Hitler in order to ascertain the needs and forces that culminated in his erratic behavior. j) Interest inventories conduct in-depth investigation into a persons likes and dislikes and this helps to deter mine what type of career path is best suited to the individual.Clearly you should not study or undertake careers in which you would have to partake in activities you intensely dislike. Neither would it be advisable to become involved in vocations that you are indifferent to. The key would be to become involved in a career that contains more of your inventories likes than dislikes. These interest inventories help you to discover what it is exactly that you like or dislike. This particular form of inventory is highly cogitate to personality in the sense that certain personalities are more likely to enjoy certain key activities.An example of this would be an artist or writer enjoying solitude in a way that an actor might not. 3 b) Test name Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Test uses The Stanford Binet was initially indicated for the correct placement of children in educational settings. It is now one of the most widely used intelligence tests. It is useful for determining cognitive skills and intelligence in children and adults. Population test was designed for As already stated, it was designed for children in educational settings in order to ensure that they were placed in the right class environment.Administration of test The time it takes to administer this test depends on the age of the respondent and how many subtests are administered. It may take from 45-90 proceedings standard but may take longer depending on the conditions at the time and the variables concerned. The respondent is measure at each subtest and is determined by estimated entry level. Timing is approximately 5 minutes per test. Depending on the age, the articles measured include fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing and working memory.Characteristics of normative samples The Stanford Binet normative sample reflect the 2000 U. S census and bias reviews are conducted on race, ethnicity, gender, religion and socio-economic status. Because it is a sta ndardized test, normative or mean scores are derived per age group and the representative sample is matched to the individual standing. It was standardized on a national representative sample of 5 000 subjects. Reliability information Reliability in this test is considered high. The internal median consistency score was . 97.Subtest reliabilities differ from age-group to age-group. Reliability coefficients ranged from . 91 to . 98, with coefficients for the five factor indices ranging from . 90 to . 92. Subtest coefficients ranged from . 84 to . 89. Validity information correlations in the validity were considered high with an approximate value of . 90 compared to antecedent Stanford Binet editions and high compared to other tests. Strengths of the test This test can assist in the diagnosis of learning disabilities as well as determine the level of competency for young children compared to a normative structure.It can be used to determine developmental stages and knowledge and can be used in all age-groups from pre-school to adults. Weaknesses of the test Due to the lack of co-operation sometimes shown in very young preschoolers the test results may not be indicative of true ability because of their lack of interest in partaking in the study. Different age-groups are administered different subtests which may also be considered a criticism in terms of its universal application.