Saturday, May 16, 2020

A Report From The International Business Machines Corporation

According to a report from The International Business Machines Corporation, known as IBM, 90% of the data in the world has been generated in the last two years. Frank J. Ohlhorst (2013) explains how the concept of collecting data for use in business is not new, but the scale of data that has been collected recently is so large that it has been termed Big Data (p. 1). Company executives who choose to ignore Big Data are denying their companies an advantage over their competitors. Big Data analysis is fundamental for all fields of work; it provides an insight to large amounts of data that will answer questions and make discoveries to improve efficiency in all areas of the world. In the economic world, factors of production include land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. Companies consider these four components necessary for success, but in order to survive in today’s competitive field a fifth factor must be considered: information. Information provides both a responsibility and an opportunity. It is collected and then studied in a process called data analysis. Data analysis is defined by Frank J. Ohlhorst (2013) as â€Å"a way to develop intelligence that can drive decisions, find relationships, solve problems, and increase profits, productivity, and even the quality of life† (p. ix). Data analysis discovers masses of information and facts hidden in large amounts of unstructured data. The world is gaining an enormous amount of valuable and useful intelligence thorough the dataShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A Company1177 Words   |  5 PagesThey serves many kinds of product that changing our and our world. I am writing a report about a n IT related Company. The Intention of this report is artistic plans in company and how they achieved their goals. To achieve this goals they give many benefits to their employees to motivate them. Also they give priority to their clients demand. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The myth of the continents A critique of metageography-...

The myth of the continents: A critique of metageography- Martin W. Lewis and Kà ¤ren E. Wigen’ In trying to summarize this piece of writing, I have tried to talk about what stood out to me, all quotations used for emphasis are from The myth of the continents: A critique of metageography (University of California Press: 1997). The very first thing we are taught about how the world is divided- before classifying it as first, second and third world or even simply North, East, West and South- is that it is divided into different continents. These different continents are then associated with different problems, cultures, and histories amoung other things. This then makes it possible for people from different continents to be distinctive†¦show more content†¦Southeast Asia for example was only identified because it was â€Å"a suitable geographical platform for military strategists.† There are not many characteristics that are unique to that part of the world. Considering the agricultural patterns for example, they are the same patterns found in southern China and central Madagascar to name a few. There is no concrete way to define landmasses based on environmental criteria since there are many different, unrelated areas with the same environmental conditions. Southwest Asia and North Africa is another example of this. There is no single conventional way in which the world is divided. Different Geographers focus on different parts of the world, while others cannot seem to agree where some regions start and end. â€Å"For one author the ‘Middle East’ stretches all the way from Morocco to Afghanistan; for another, it begins only at the Nile Valle; for a third, it might dip southward to encompass, sub-Saharan Somalia.† There are no definite natural separations between continents and it would therefore it would be contradictory to insist on consistent regional separations. The way continents and world regions in general end up being divided creates distortion of different information. A country like Sudan is often considered to be in the Middle East even though part of it is in Sub-Saharan Africa, in failing to divide countries in

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison. A Reflection on the Panopticon free essay sample

Since Michel Foucaults 1975 book Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison was published, it has been met with many criticisms due to the sociologists views on an array of subjects. Foucault contends that panopticism, more specifically the Panopticon, is the ideal form of discipline within the prison institution because it creates a setting in which the inmates subject themselves to real or perceived guards and surveillance. After careful analysis of Foucaults text, 3 questions, the focal point of the present text, are proposed. First, how should prison guards respond in a circumstance when inmates do not act in accordance with the expected self-policing, docile behaviour that was hypothesized by Foucault? Next, does Foucault take the neglect of self-supervised workers into consideration? Third, can perceived self-control and paranoia be considered to be effective tools when attempting to reintegrate inmates into general society? It is my contention that although Foucault makes interesting points from a theoretical point of view, these hypotheses are not ready for practical application. According to Foucauldian theory, the mere architectural structure of the Panopticon, 1 dark tower, centering the surrounding prison cells should trigger a mental response in each prisoner causing them to feel as though they are constantly being watched. Continual observation according to Foucault creates a sequential string of good behaviour, when this behaviour is reproduced over a given amount of time, it is assumed to become permanent part of an inmates psyche, eventually being internalized to the point where inmates can be reintegrated back into society. That being said, the opposite is also a very real possibility. A prisoner can easily assume he is not being watched, leaving him to act almost entirely out of free will. If this same inmates actions of free will are not met with consequences, one can safely assume that his potentially unsupervised behaviour may be repeated. Taken one step further, this inmate may orchestrate an escape, obtain access to other inmates and insight a prison riot. In the event that the inmate is once again apprehended, he is now fully aware that he is not under constant supervision, hence allowing for repeated attempts to escape, arouse a revolt in others and exact revenge on guards. Furthermore, the physical structure of the panopticon seems to favour the inmates, allowing them to potentially surround descend on the guards. In strictly theoretical terms, the panopticon is pragmatic because of its all-seeing eye approach. In terms of practical application, the panopticon is much less interesting because Foucault takes for granted the fact that any given inmate may not be as easily influenced or willing to cooperate with potential prison authority as others should be. Economy and negligence are also tied into Michel Foucaults view of the Panopticon. From the guards point of view, theyre fully aware that the inmates have no concrete way of knowing whether they are being supervised or not. In theory, the central panoptic guard tower could be entirely without prison guards. Should the central prison tower/inmates be left unattended without consequence only one time, this may give way to a string of continual negligent acts on the part of the prison guards. The very definition of the term panopticism entails the few overlooking the many. When taken to the extreme, this definition in literal terms becomes an entire body of people left entirely to themselves. Admittedly, the occasion for an entire prison population to be left unsupervised should never arise. However, it is not entirely implausible to envision a situation where a prison guard or group of guards, knowing the contents of their centralized guard tower to be completely unknown to the prisoners would decide to leave the prison to supervise itself. Yet another very extreme turn of events could see one prisoner escape the confines of his cell, release the others due to his lack of supervision and within a moments notice, an entire prison population may be exiting the front gates of a prison. These hypothetical events could have effects on the psyche, physical safety and emotional safety of many civilians. Once again, the mystery that lays in the central guard tower has a significant downside when speaking of practical application. On a final note, the Panopticon puts an increased amount of pressure on a small number of guards to maintain control over a large number of potentially dangerous criminals. The thought of being physically surrounded and not having the strategic advantage in terms of having more guards than inmates is unsettling to say the very least. Prisons are totalitarian institutions. Speaking in general terms, prisons take criminals in, aim to break their criminal spirit and reconstruct their inmates in a societally acceptable fashion. Foucaults approach to the prison system fails most in this respect. The panopticons structure is set up in such a way that little to no contact is made with any other inmates. That being said, a part of the rebuilding process in a prison is the inmates being given a chance, granted a very controlled one, to be socialized once again. The potential for this second socialization process is eradicated in the Panopticon format of a prison. Also, the fact that inmates would be left to monitor themselves is likely the furthest thing from a real life outside of prison circumstance. In day to day settings, people are asked to consider a great deal of authorities in varying forms, such as police officers, employers while on the job, security guards, civil servants and the like. Essentially, burdening inmates with the task of policing themselves may do more harm than good once they are reintroduced to society. Without being coached or trained on how to correct the impulses or problems that caused them to go to prison in the first place, it is more than likely that these same criminals will engage in the same if not similar acts that instigated their initial incarceration. From this point of view, panopticism when narrowed down to a prison population, may be more of a detriment to society than an aid. When extrapolated onto larger scales, panopticism as a whole is definitely not the best ideal to strive for. Power should be more evenly distributed to a larger part of the population until it accounts for the majority of the population and not only a specialized or select few. Michel Foucaults Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison was a pointed analysis of Western society and its penal system. Although Foucaults worked is based on France, it is readily applicable to a number of other Western countries that have reached similar points in civilization. Throughout his critical observation of the French judicial and prison system Foucault comes to describe the Panopticon. Foucaults presentation of the Panopticon seems sound at first, but upon further analysis several viable critiques have been made. Most of the criticism however targets panopticism and not the architectural structure that gave way to the concept of a similar name, the Panopticon. The following questions are proposed after reading Foucaults text; how should prison guards respond in a circumstance when inmates do not act in accordance with the expected self-policing, docile behaviour that was hypothesized by Foucault, does Foucault take the neglect of self-supervised workers into consideration and finally, can perceived self-control and paranoia be considered to be effective tools when attempting to reintegrate inmates into general society? The mere presence of these questions points to gaps in Foucaults hypothesis, added to the fact that Foucault himself admitted that some of his ideas related to the Discipline and Punish: Birth of a Prison book were a bit extreme, this helps confirm that some of his ideas regarding the Panopticon were in fact better suited to theory than practical application.