Discuss the Ways in which Cohesion and Coherence Contribute to Making Essay

Discuss the Ways in which coherence and Coherence Contribute to Making Meaning in texts - Essay ExampleThis paper will apologize the concept of cohesion in greater detail, and will apply the concepts introduced to two assorted speeches, one from tooshie Kerry and one from George W. Bush. Discussion According to Cutting (2008), cohesion may take either the form of grammatical cohesion or lexical cohesion. In grammatical cohesion, a referring pattern links with another referring expression which is cohesive with the previous mention of the referent in the text (Cutting, 2008). In other spoken communication, certain words, cognize and endophora, refer back to certain other words the word them will refer back to an anterior noun, and the word this will refer back to an earlier sentence. Further, endophora may be associative, which means that the context in which a word is used tells the listener or reader the meaning of that word. Anaphora means a word which refers to the previ ous text, and cataphora refers to following text (Cutting, 2008). Moreover, Kerry uses anaphora much more than Bush does, with 7 different anaphoric sentences, compared to 3 different anaphoric sentences in Bushs speech. ... Basically, grammatical cohesion is a type of short-hand, where short words are used to refer back to other words, and ambiguous words are defined by their context. Further, endophora may be contrasted with exophora, which refers to outside context and not what occurred in the text the listener knows the meaning of the word through its context (Cutting, 2008). Exophora reference is a cohesion concept that both(prenominal) George W. Bush and John Kerry use extensively. Both men used exophora 8 different times in the speeches. However, while much of John Kerrys use of exophoric terms are some variation of you, we, our and us, with Bush, he doesnt use these same terms. He uses the word weve in three different sentences 16 to 18 but, other than this, the terms th at Bush uses which are exophoric are lofty sentences much(prenominal) as freedom in sentence 12, liberty in sentence 13, and great land in sentence 23, as well up as the term our alliances in sentence 10. Hoey (1991) states that cohesion can further be broken up into five classes conjunction, reference, substitution, ellipsis (all part of grammatical cohesion) and lexical cohesion. Conjunctions are words which mark a semantic relationship to a previous sentence. These words might include however, which signifies that the coming sentence is an exception to the ordinance of the previous sentence, or alternatively, which means that the coming sentence presents an alternative from the previous sentence. Reference is a semantic relation and the identity of the word can be ascertained by the previous text pronouns such as them and this in the examples above would be an example of a reference. Substitution refers